Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Center for Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
J Cell Sci. 2022 Mar 1;135(5). doi: 10.1242/jcs.259402. Epub 2022 Mar 9.
Lipophagy is a central cellular process for providing the cell with a readily utilized, high energy source of neutral lipids. Since its discovery over a decade ago, we are just starting to understand the molecular components that drive lipophagy, how it is activated in response to nutrient availability, and its potential as a therapeutic target in disease. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we first provide a brief overview of the different structural and enzymatic proteins that comprise the lipid droplet (LD) proteome and reside within the limiting phospholipid monolayer of this complex organelle. We then highlight key players in the catabolic breakdown of LDs during the functionally linked lipolysis and lipophagy processes. Finally, we discuss what is currently known about macro- and micro-lipophagy based on findings in yeast, mammalian and other model systems, and how impairment of these important functions can lead to disease states.
脂噬作用是细胞提供易于利用的高能量中性脂质来源的一种核心细胞过程。自十多年前发现以来，我们才刚刚开始了解驱动脂噬作用的分子组成部分、它如何响应营养可用性而被激活，以及它在疾病中的治疗靶点潜力。在这篇《细胞科学一瞥》文章和随附的海报中，我们首先简要概述了构成脂滴（LD）蛋白质组的不同结构和酶蛋白，这些蛋白存在于这个复杂细胞器的限脂双层中。然后，我们强调了在功能相关的脂解和脂噬作用过程中 LD 分解代谢过程中的关键参与者。最后，我们根据酵母、哺乳动物和其他模型系统中的发现讨论了关于巨脂噬作用和微脂噬作用的已知内容，以及这些重要功能的损伤如何导致疾病状态。
