Genetic polymorphism association of (, and ) with acute lymphocytic leukemia in Saudi Arabia.

Human leukocyte antigen-G () is linked to the development of human malignancies via immune escape mechanisms. The chief variations for were found in three prime untranslated regions (3'UTR). The current study aims to evaluate the distribution of (), , and polymorphisms with risk of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in Saudi Arabia. This case-control study analyzed 232 samples from 117 patients with ALL and 115 healthy controls (HCN) using the PCR-RFLP method. Associations between and ALL risk were analyzed using allele contrasts. The polymorphism results showed a reduced risk of ALL in the dominant model odds ratios (OR) = 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.12-0.98, = 0.041), stratified by age. However, those stratified by gender, showed decreased risk of ALL in all genetic inheritance models tested: codominant model versus (OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.06-0.99), versus (OR = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.00-0.12), = 0.0001), and dominant model versus (OR = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.03-0.47, = 0.000004), and the recessive model versus (OR = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.00-0.24, = 0.0001), log-additive (OR = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.04-0.35, = 0.0001). Conversely, the allele was not found in ALL or HCN, whereas the allele showed polymorphic frequencies that were not significant. In conclusion, the polymorphism significantly decreased the prevalence of ALL stratified by gender and age polymorphisms in the risk of ALL in the pediatric Saudi population.