Ezati Rad Roghayeh, Mohseni Shokrollah, Hassani Laleh, Shahabi Nahid, Moltafet Fatemeh, Shabrava Maryam
Department of Health Promotion and Education, Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Department of Health Promotion and Education, Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
J Educ Health Promot. 2024 Sep 28;13:350. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_878_23. eCollection 2024.
Anxiety is considered a prevalent mental disorder during childhood. Due to the significance of child psychology in critical psychological and health conditions and the fact that parenting styles may affect child health and behavioral issues in prospective life, the present study intends to explore the association of parenting styles and anxiety level among children in the COVID-19 pandemic.
The present cross-sectional study used a convenient sampling of all mothers with 5 to 12 children in Bandar Abbas in southern Iran. The target population included 346 mothers. A web-based self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire survey consisted of three parts, demographic information, Baumrind parenting styles, and Spence children's anxiety scale-parent. Analysis of quantitative data was done using a t-test, and association of qualitative variables was tested using the Chi-square test. Regression analysis was run on the significant values of the univariate analysis. The data were analyzed in SPSS 21.
The findings revealed that the most frequent parenting style was authoritative (69.6%). The state of child anxiety in the authoritative style was kept to the minimum (24.07 ± 13.14). The highest anxiety score belonged to the permissive style (49.50 ± 37.67). Moreover, the results indicated that separation anxiety and fear of physical harm accounted for the most anxiety levels in the target research population. The four constructs of authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles, mother's education, and father's age accounted for 11.9% of the anxiety ( ≤ 001).
In light of the present findings, it can be concluded that psychologists and health care providers can raise parents' awareness of what each parenting style means and can help parents provide adequate care, love, and support for children and develop a sense of independence in them too.
焦虑被认为是儿童期一种普遍的精神障碍。鉴于儿童心理学在关键心理和健康状况中的重要性，以及养育方式可能会影响儿童未来生活中的健康和行为问题，本研究旨在探讨新冠疫情期间养育方式与儿童焦虑水平之间的关联。
本横断面研究采用便利抽样法，选取了伊朗南部阿巴斯港所有育有5至12岁孩子的母亲。目标人群包括346名母亲。通过基于网络的自填式问卷收集数据。问卷调查包括三个部分：人口统计学信息、鲍姆林德养育方式以及斯宾斯儿童焦虑量表（家长版）。定量数据采用t检验进行分析，定性变量的关联性采用卡方检验进行检验。对单因素分析的显著值进行回归分析。数据在SPSS 21中进行分析。
研究结果显示，最常见的养育方式是权威型（69.6%）。权威型养育方式下儿童的焦虑状态最低（24.07±13.14）。焦虑得分最高的是放任型养育方式（49.50±37.67）。此外，结果表明，分离焦虑和对身体伤害的恐惧在目标研究人群的焦虑水平中占比最大。权威型和专制型养育方式的四个构成要素、母亲的教育程度以及父亲的年龄占焦虑因素的11.9%（P≤0.001）。
根据目前的研究结果，可以得出结论，心理学家和医疗保健提供者可以提高父母对每种养育方式含义的认识，并帮助父母为孩子提供充分的关爱、支持，同时培养他们的独立意识。
