Guan Tianyu, Zhang Nan
Centre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT-Dublin), School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Ireland.
Nanomanuf Metrol. 2024;7(1):25. doi: 10.1007/s41871-024-00245-6. Epub 2024 Dec 12.
Recently, nanomaterials such as graphene, polytetrafluoroethylene, WS, and MoS have emerged as pioneering additives and fillers in metal nanocomposite electrodeposition, offering innovative solutions for lubrication and tribological enhancement. Electrodeposition, known for its high efficiency, reliability, operational simplicity, and cost-effectiveness, has become a preferred method for the protection of industrial components from excessive wear or abrasion. In particular, nickel (Ni) matrix composites fabricated via electrodeposition function as an environmentally friendly substitute for coatings such as hard chromium. These Ni-based composites exhibit multifunctional properties, including enhanced hardness, modified surface wettability, improved anti-friction/wear performance, and lubrication properties. This review begins by explaining the principles and mechanisms of electrodeposition, along with the chemical structures and properties of lubricating nanoparticles. It discusses dispersion methodologies of these nanoparticles in the electrolyte solution to address aggregation problems. In addition, it introduces codeposition models for Ni/nanomaterials and examines the key parameters that influence this codeposition process. This review systematically explores the mechanical properties, tribological performance, and surface wettability of resulting Ni-based nanocomposites, along with their potential applications and practical advantages. Finally, it discusses the opportunities and challenges associated with nanomaterial-enhanced metal composites, aiming to introduce new avenues for their utilization in electrodeposition.
近年来，石墨烯、聚四氟乙烯、WS和MoS等纳米材料已成为金属纳米复合电沉积中开创性的添加剂和填料，为润滑和摩擦学增强提供了创新解决方案。电沉积以其高效率、可靠性、操作简便和成本效益高而闻名，已成为保护工业部件免受过度磨损的首选方法。特别是，通过电沉积制备的镍（Ni）基复合材料可作为硬铬等涂层的环保替代品。这些镍基复合材料具有多种功能特性，包括硬度提高、表面润湿性改变、抗摩擦/磨损性能改善以及润滑性能。本综述首先解释了电沉积的原理和机制，以及润滑纳米颗粒的化学结构和性质。它讨论了这些纳米颗粒在电解质溶液中的分散方法，以解决聚集问题。此外，它介绍了镍/纳米材料的共沉积模型，并研究了影响该共沉积过程的关键参数。本综述系统地探讨了所得镍基纳米复合材料的力学性能、摩擦学性能和表面润湿性，以及它们的潜在应用和实际优势。最后，它讨论了纳米材料增强金属复合材料相关的机遇和挑战，旨在为其在电沉积中的应用引入新途径。
