Bao George Chengxi, Gabbay Ezra
Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 170 William Street, New York City, NY, 10038, USA.
J Relig Health. 2024 Dec 16. doi: 10.1007/s10943-024-02197-z.
Among the many factors causing physician burnout is the difficulty of finding meaning in clinical work. Psychiatrist and philosopher Viktor Frankl believed that meaning, derived from experiences of self-transcendence, can help a person endure extraordinary adversity. The Confucian concept of li may offer a path to finding meaning in clinical work. Though commonly translated as "ritual" and thought of as merely a set of rules, practices, or decorum, li may be understood as any act, state of mind, or arrangement reflecting or bringing about the sacred. Practitioners of li participate in a liturgical celebration of human community and everyday life since li is not merely ritual acts performed during religious ceremonies or special occasions but encompasses the entire spectrum of interaction with humans, nature, and even material objects. Thus, everyday interactions between physicians and their patients, colleagues, and work environment, if made li, will allow physicians to participate in such a liturgical celebration, sanctify their work, and encounter the sacred. In realizing the sacred in every ordinary task, work is no longer sterile, mechanical, and temporal but living, spiritual, and holy. With li, physicians approach work with mindful, artistic, and priestly devotion and access sources of meaning from work, from one's attitude while facing challenges, and from relationships.
在导致医生职业倦怠的诸多因素中，难以在临床工作中找到意义是其中之一。精神科医生兼哲学家维克托·弗兰克尔认为，源于自我超越体验的意义能够帮助一个人忍受非凡的逆境。儒家的“礼”的概念或许能为在临床工作中找到意义提供一条途径。尽管“礼”通常被翻译为“仪式”，并仅仅被视为一套规则、惯例或礼仪规范，但“礼”可以被理解为任何反映或带来神圣性的行为、心境或安排。践行“礼”的人参与对人类社群和日常生活的一种礼拜式的颂扬，因为“礼”不仅仅是在宗教仪式或特殊场合进行的仪式行为，而是涵盖了与人类、自然乃至物质对象互动的整个范畴。因此，医生与患者、同事以及工作环境之间的日常互动，如果使其具有“礼”的性质，将让医生参与这样一种礼拜式的颂扬，使他们的工作神圣化，并邂逅神圣。在每一项平凡的任务中领悟到神圣，工作就不再是枯燥无味、机械呆板和短暂易逝之物，而是鲜活生动、富有精神性且神圣庄严的。通过“礼”，医生以专注、富有艺术性且如牧师般虔诚的态度对待工作，并从工作、面对挑战时的态度以及人际关系中获取意义之源。
