Boursiquot Jean-Nicolas, Gagnon Rémi, Quirt Jaclyn, Ellis Anne K
Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
Division of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2024 Dec 16;20(Suppl 3):66. doi: 10.1186/s13223-024-00935-2.
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a potentially disease-modifying therapy that is effective for the treatment of allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis, allergic asthma and stinging insect hypersensitivity. The decision to proceed with AIT should be made on a case-by-case basis, based on a comprehensive evaluation of the patient, allergy testing and a thorough discussion with the patient about treatment goals, risks vs. benefits, and long-term commitment to the treatment plan. For those with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma, it is also important to consider individual patient factors, such as the degree to which symptoms can be reduced by avoidance measures and pharmacological therapy, the amount and type of medication required to control symptoms, the adverse effects of pharmacological treatment, and patient preferences.Since AIT is associated with a risk of anaphylaxis, it should only be prescribed by physicians who are adequately trained in the treatment of allergic conditions. Furthermore, for subcutaneous therapy, injections must be given under medical supervision in clinics that are equipped to manage anaphylaxis. In this article, we review the indications and contraindications, patient selection criteria, and details regarding the administration, safety and efficacy of AIT for allergens other than foods. Immunotherapy for food allergy will be discussed in the Oral Immunotherapy article in this supplement.
变应原免疫疗法（AIT）是一种具有潜在疾病改善作用的疗法，对治疗变应性鼻炎/结膜炎、变应性哮喘和昆虫叮咬过敏有效。是否进行AIT应根据具体情况，在对患者进行全面评估、过敏检测以及与患者就治疗目标、风险与获益以及对治疗方案的长期依从性进行深入讨论的基础上做出决定。对于患有变应性鼻炎和/或哮喘的患者，还应考虑个体患者因素，如通过避免措施和药物治疗可减轻症状的程度、控制症状所需药物的数量和类型、药物治疗的不良反应以及患者的偏好。由于AIT与过敏反应风险相关，因此仅应由在过敏性疾病治疗方面接受过充分培训的医生开具处方。此外，对于皮下注射疗法，必须在具备管理过敏反应能力的诊所内，在医疗监督下进行注射。在本文中，我们将回顾除食物以外的变应原的AIT的适应证和禁忌证、患者选择标准以及关于给药、安全性和有效性的详细信息。本增刊的《口服免疫疗法》一文将讨论食物过敏的免疫疗法。
