Altmann Stefan, Ruf Ludwig, Backfisch Marco, Thron Maximiliane, Woll Alexander, Walter Linus, Kaul Damon, Bergdolt Luca, Härtel Sascha
TSG ResearchLab gGmbH, Zuzenhausen, Germany.
Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Sci Med Footb. 2024 Dec 16:1-6. doi: 10.1080/24733938.2024.2441321.
This study aimed to investigate the criterion validity of commonly used devices to assess maximal sprinting speed (MSS) in soccer. Thirty elite youth soccer players completed three trials of a 30-m sprint test to assess MSS. All sprints were simultaneously captured via a radar gun (Stalker ATS II), timing gates (Smartspeed Pro, Fusion Sport), a magnetic timing system (Humotion SmarTracks) and a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) (Kinexon Perform GPS Pro). The radar gun and the GNSS recorded sprinting speed continuously, while the fastest 5-m split during the 30-m sprint was used for the timing gates and the magnetic system. The best trial of the radar gun (i.e. criterion measure) and corresponding values of the other devices were analyzed. Equivalence testing was performed to assess the statistical equivalence of MSS between the radar gun and the three other devices against a difference value of ± 0.36 km/h and Bland & Altman's 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were computed to investigate the agreement between MSS results. Differences between GNSS versus radar gun suggested a lack of systematic bias (-0.01 km/h, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.15 to 0.15 km/h), whereas timing gates-based MSS assessments were prone to larger uncertainty compared to the criterion method (-0.19 km/h, 95% CI: -0.37 to 0.00 km/h) given the pre-defined region of equivalence. The magnetic system (-0.54 km/h; -0.71 to -0.37 km/h) overestimated MSS compared to the radar gun with mean differences being non-equivalent. Based on the practically important difference bounds of ± 0.36 km/h, the width of the 95% LoA was broad enough to suggest a lack of reasonable agreement for MSS assessment regardless of device of interest (GNSS: -0.79 to 0.78 km/h, timing gates: -0.79 to 1.16 km/h, magnetic system: -0.24 to 1.32 km/h). While our results suggested a lack of systematic bias for the investigated GNSS and the timing gates when compared against the radar gun for MSS assessment over 30 m in elite youth soccer players on a team level, the width of the 95% LoAs did not indicate reasonable measurement interchangeability on an individual level. Based on the present results, we do not recommend using the magnetic system for both group and individual analyses in this population.
本研究旨在调查评估足球运动员最大冲刺速度（MSS）的常用设备的标准效度。30名精英青年足球运动员完成了三次30米冲刺测试以评估MSS。所有冲刺均通过雷达测速仪（Stalker ATS II）、计时门（Smartspeed Pro，Fusion Sport）、磁计时系统（Humotion SmarTracks）和全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）（Kinexon Perform GPS Pro）同时进行记录。雷达测速仪和GNSS持续记录冲刺速度，而计时门和磁系统则采用30米冲刺过程中最快的5米分段时间。分析了雷达测速仪的最佳测试结果（即标准测量）以及其他设备的相应值。进行等效性测试以评估雷达测速仪与其他三种设备之间MSS的统计等效性，差值设定为±0.36公里/小时，并计算布兰德-奥特曼95%一致性界限（LoA）以研究MSS结果之间的一致性。GNSS与雷达测速仪之间的差异表明不存在系统偏差（-0.01公里/小时，95%置信区间[CI]-0.15至0.15公里/小时），而基于计时门的MSS评估与标准方法相比，在给定的预定义等效区域内存在更大的不确定性（-0.19公里/小时，95%CI：-0.37至0.00公里/小时）。磁系统（-0.54公里/小时；-0.71至-0.37公里/小时）与雷达测速仪相比高估了MSS，平均差异不等效。基于±0.36公里/小时这一实际重要差异界限，95%LoA的宽度足够宽，表明无论使用何种设备（GNSS：-0.79至0.78公里/小时，计时门：-0.79至1.16公里/小时，磁系统：-0.24至1.32公里/小时），MSS评估都缺乏合理的一致性。虽然我们的结果表明，在团队层面上，对于精英青年足球运动员30米MSS评估，与雷达测速仪相比，所研究的GNSS和计时门不存在系统偏差，但95%LoA的宽度并未表明在个体层面上有合理的测量互换性。基于目前的结果，我们不建议在该人群中对组内和个体分析使用磁系统。
