Custodio-Mendoza Jorge Antonio, Rangel Silva Alexandra, Kurek Marcin A, Almeida Paulo Joaquim, Santos João Rodrigo, Rodrigues José António, Carro Antonia María
Department of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-776 Warszawa, Poland.
Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (REQUIMTE/LAQV)-Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
Foods. 2024 Nov 23;13(23):3752. doi: 10.3390/foods13233752.
The occurrence of carbonyl compounds and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in adult formulas is a critical issue in product safety and quality. This research manuscript reports the determination of targeted and untargeted carbonyl compounds and VOCs in adult formulas stored at different temperatures (room temperature, 4 °C, and 60 °C) over one month. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was utilized for the sample analysis. Ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction at 60 °C for 20 min facilitated the extraction of six carbonyl compounds, while headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was employed for the determination of untargeted VOCs using a DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber, involving 15 min of equilibration and 45 min of extraction at 40 °C with magnetic stirring. Analytical features of the methods were assessed according to Food and Drug Administration guidelines, and good limits of detection and quantitation, linearity, accuracy, and precision were achieved. Notably, the highest levels of carbonyl compounds were found in high-protein formulas, with quantifiable levels of malondialdehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde detected and quantified in 80% of samples. Additionally, significant levels of VOCs such as hexanal and 2-heptanone were found in samples stored at elevated temperatures. These findings suggest the importance of protein content and storage conditions in the levels of carbonyl compounds and VOCs found in adult formulas, with implications for consumer safety and quality control.
成人配方奶粉中羰基化合物和挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的存在是产品安全和质量方面的关键问题。本研究报告了在不同温度（室温、4℃和60℃）下储存一个月的成人配方奶粉中目标和非目标羰基化合物及VOCs的测定情况。采用气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪进行样品分析。60℃下超声辅助分散液液微萃取20分钟有助于六种羰基化合物的萃取，而顶空固相微萃取（HS - SPME）则使用DVB/CAR/PDMS纤维用于非目标VOCs的测定，在40℃下进行15分钟平衡和45分钟萃取并伴有磁力搅拌。根据食品药品监督管理局的指南评估了这些方法的分析特性，实现了良好的检测限和定量限、线性、准确度和精密度。值得注意的是，在高蛋白配方奶粉中发现羰基化合物含量最高，在80%的样品中检测并定量了可量化水平的丙二醛、丙烯醛和甲醛。此外，在高温储存的样品中发现了大量的挥发性有机化合物，如己醛和2 - 庚酮。这些发现表明蛋白质含量和储存条件对成人配方奶粉中羰基化合物和挥发性有机化合物水平的重要性，对消费者安全和质量控制具有影响。
