Zhang Meng, Liu Yanling, Gu Xiaofeng, Wei Quanquan, Liu Lingling, Gou Jiulan
Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Dec 2;13(23):3387. doi: 10.3390/plants13233387.
Crop rotation is widely recognized as a key strategy to mitigate the adverse effects associated with continuous cropping. Recent studies have demonstrated that biochar has a significant potential for preventing and controlling these challenges. However, the ameliorative effects of green manure rotation and biochar application on continuous pepper cultivation in the karst mountainous regions of Southwest China remain largely unexplored. To address this gap, a field experiment was conducted from 2020 to 2023 to investigate the effects of green manure rotation and biochar application on the continuous cropping of peppers. The experiment consisted of five treatments: CK (no green manure and no biochar), WP (winter fallow and conventional pepper production with chemical fertilization), GP (green manure and pepper rotation, the amount of fresh green manure returned to the field was about 15 t·ha), WP + B (winter fallow and pepper rotation with 1500 kg·ha of biochar applied during the pepper season), and GP + B (green manure and pepper rotation with 1500 kg·ha of biochar applied during the pepper season, the amount of fresh green manure returned to the field was about 15 t·ha). The results showed that all the improved measures (GP, WP + B, GP + B) increased the yield of fresh pepper and dry pepper by 26.97-72.98% and 20.96-65.70%, respectively, and the yield of dry pod pepper increased by 14.69-40.63% and 21.44-73.29% in 2021 to 2023, respectively, and significantly improved the yield stability and sustainability of continuous cropping of peppers compared with WP treatments. In addition, green manure rotation or biochar application alone or in combination enhanced the nutritional quality of pepper fruits by increasing the content of free amino acids (8.62-19.42%), reducing sugars (15.30-34.62%) and vitamin C (26.19-43.52), and decreasing the nitrate content (26.93-40.17%). Furthermore, the application of green manure rotation or biochar alone or in combination significantly improved the absorption of nitrogen (23.73-60.23%), phosphorus (18.12-61.71%), and potassium (20.57-61.48%) nutrients in the continuous cropping of peppers, which contributed to the improvement of fertilizer use efficiency. Notably, GP + B treatment not only improved the yield and quality of continuous cropping peppers but also resulted in higher production value and net income compared to the GP and WP + B treatments. In conclusion, the combination of green manure rotation and biochar application represents an effective strategy for mitigating the challenges of continuous cropping in pepper cultivation within the karst mountainous regions of Southwest China.
轮作被广泛认为是减轻连作负面影响的关键策略。最近的研究表明，生物炭在预防和控制这些挑战方面具有巨大潜力。然而，在中国西南部喀斯特山区，绿肥轮作和生物炭施用对辣椒连作的改良效果仍 largely unexplored。为填补这一空白，于2020年至2023年进行了一项田间试验，以研究绿肥轮作和生物炭施用对辣椒连作的影响。该试验包括五个处理：CK（不施绿肥和生物炭）、WP（冬闲并采用常规辣椒生产方式且施用化肥）、GP（绿肥与辣椒轮作，鲜绿肥回田量约为15 t·ha）、WP + B（冬闲并辣椒轮作，在辣椒生长季施用1500 kg·ha生物炭）和GP + B（绿肥与辣椒轮作，在辣椒生长季施用1500 kg·ha生物炭，鲜绿肥回田量约为15 t·ha）。结果表明，所有改良措施（GP、WP + B、GP + B）均使鲜椒和干辣椒产量分别提高了26.97 - 72.98%和20.96 - 65.70%，2021年至2023年干椒产量分别提高了14.69 - 40.63%和21.44 - 73.29%，与WP处理相比，显著提高了辣椒连作的产量稳定性和可持续性。此外，单独或组合施用绿肥轮作或生物炭通过增加游离氨基酸含量（8.62 - 19.42%）、还原糖含量（15.30 - 34.62%）和维生素C含量（26.19 - 43.52）以及降低硝酸盐含量（26.93 - 40.17%），提高了辣椒果实的营养品质。此外，单独或组合施用绿肥轮作或生物炭显著提高了辣椒连作对氮（23.73 - 60.23%）、磷（18.12 - 61.71%）和钾（20.57 - 61.48%）养分的吸收，有助于提高肥料利用效率。值得注意的是，与GP和WP + B处理相比，GP + B处理不仅提高了辣椒连作的产量和品质，还带来了更高的产值和净收入。总之，绿肥轮作和生物炭施用相结合是减轻中国西南部喀斯特山区辣椒连作挑战的有效策略。
