Gantait Aishmita, Masih Sam A, Addesso Rosangela, Maxton Ann, Sofo Adriano
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, India.
Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, India.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Dec 5;13(23):3422. doi: 10.3390/plants13233422.
crops are vital as they supply essential minerals, antioxidants, and bioactive substances like anthocyanins, glucosinolates, and carotenoids. However, biotic and abiotic elements that cause oxidative stress through heavy metals and other eco-toxicants pose a risk to plants. Increased generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) causes oxidative stress, which damages biomolecules and interferes with plant growth, productivity, and cellular equilibrium. Plants producing need an intricate enzyme defence mechanism to fend off oxidative stress. All the enzymes that have been addressed are found in mitochondria, peroxisomes, chloroplasts, and other cell components. They are in charge of removing ROS and preserving the cell's redox balance. Additionally, plants use secondary metabolites called Glucosinolates (GLs), which have the capacity to regulate enzymatic activity and act as antioxidants. By breaking down compounds like sulforaphane, GLs boost antioxidant enzymes and provide protection against oxidative stress. To develop methods for improving agricultural crop stress tolerance and productivity in it is necessary to comprehend the dynamic interaction between GL metabolism and enzymatic antioxidant systems. This highlights the possibility of maximizing antioxidant defences and raising the nutritional and commercial value of across the globe by utilizing genetic diversity and environmental interactions.
作物至关重要，因为它们提供必需的矿物质、抗氧化剂以及花青素、硫代葡萄糖苷和类胡萝卜素等生物活性物质。然而，通过重金属和其他生态毒物导致氧化应激的生物和非生物因素对植物构成风险。活性氧（ROS）生成增加会导致氧化应激，这会损害生物分子并干扰植物生长、生产力和细胞平衡。植物需要一种复杂的酶防御机制来抵御氧化应激。所有已提及的酶都存在于线粒体、过氧化物酶体、叶绿体和其他细胞成分中。它们负责清除ROS并维持细胞的氧化还原平衡。此外，植物会利用称为硫代葡萄糖苷（GLs）的次生代谢产物，其具有调节酶活性的能力并充当抗氧化剂。通过分解萝卜硫素等化合物，GLs会增强抗氧化酶并提供针对氧化应激的保护。为了开发提高农作物胁迫耐受性和生产力的方法，有必要了解GL代谢与酶促抗氧化系统之间的动态相互作用。这凸显了通过利用遗传多样性和环境相互作用，在全球范围内最大化抗氧化防御并提高作物的营养和商业价值的可能性。
