Zarate-Osuna F, Quesada-González C, Zapico A G, González-Gross M
ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Pediatric Department, Quirónsalud Sur Hospital, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain.
Nutrients. 2024 Nov 21;16(23):3993. doi: 10.3390/nu16233993.
Overweight prevalence in Spain reached critical levels before the COVID-19 pandemic, which likely exacerbated this issue. The PESCA (Programa Escolar de Salud Cardio-vascular) program is a multicomponent school-based intervention, launched in 2018 with the aim of tackling this health problem and reducing overweight rates in youth. (1) To analyze the efficacy of the PESCA program intervention on body composition, overweight prevalence, physical activity (PA)/sport practice, resting time, and screentime before COVID-19 and (2) to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 and the associated lockdown measures on these parameters in the studied sample. This longitudinal study included 207 children and adolescents from schools in Madrid (aged 2.82 to 15.84 years; 44.4% girls), with measurements taken at three time points: two before COVID-19 and one after its onset. Overweight prevalence, body fat percentage diagnosis, physical activity, resting time, and screentime were assessed. Cochran's Q test and repeated-measures ANOVA were used to compare outcomes across the three assessment time points. Overweight prevalence remained stable among children in the PESCA program before COVID-19 (17.87% to 19.81%). However, a significant increase was observed from point 2 to point 3, post-COVID-19 onset (19.81% to 26.57%). Similarly, healthy body composition significantly deteriorated from 63.16% at point 2 to 52.48% at point 3. PA/sport practice prevalence significantly increased until COVID-19 onset (80.19% to 91.22%) but declined thereafter (91.22% to 79.10% from point 2 to point 3). Although the differences were small, resting time significantly decreased post-COVID-19 onset (from 10.18 h at point 2 to 9.96 h at point 3), with no changes in the first period. Non-academic screentime showed a similar pattern: stable before COVID-19 and significantly increased after its onset (1.61 h at point 1; 1.70 h at point 2; 2.29 h at point 3). The PESCA program positively impacted PA/sport practice prevalence and may have provided some protection against overweight and related variables during the pre-COVID period. However, health authorities' restrictions and lockdown policies during COVID-19 negatively affected the health and lifestyle variables studied, offsetting previous improvements.
在新冠疫情大流行之前，西班牙的超重患病率就已达到临界水平，而疫情可能使这一问题更加恶化。“PESCA（学校心血管健康计划）”项目是一项基于学校的多方面干预措施，于2018年启动，旨在解决这一健康问题并降低青少年的超重率。（1）分析“PESCA”项目干预对新冠疫情之前身体成分、超重患病率、身体活动（PA）/体育锻炼、休息时间和屏幕使用时间的效果，以及（2）评估新冠疫情及相关封锁措施对研究样本中这些参数的影响。这项纵向研究纳入了来自马德里学校的207名儿童和青少年（年龄在2.82至15.84岁之间；44.4%为女孩），在三个时间点进行测量：两个时间点在新冠疫情之前，一个时间点在疫情爆发之后。评估了超重患病率、体脂百分比诊断、身体活动、休息时间和屏幕使用时间。使用 Cochr an's Q检验和重复测量方差分析来比较三个评估时间点的结果。在新冠疫情之前，“PESCA”项目中的儿童超重患病率保持稳定（从17.87%至19.81%）。然而，在新冠疫情爆发后，从第2个时间点到第3个时间点观察到显著增加（从19.81%至26.57%）。同样，健康的身体成分从第2个时间点的63.16%显著恶化到第3个时间点的52.48%。PA/体育锻炼的患病率在新冠疫情爆发前显著增加（从80.19%至91.22%），但此后下降（从第2个时间点到第3个时间点从91.22%至79.10%）。尽管差异较小，但在新冠疫情爆发后休息时间显著减少（从第2个时间点的10.18小时降至第3个时间点的9.96小时），在第一阶段没有变化。非学业性屏幕使用时间呈现出类似模式：在新冠疫情之前稳定，在疫情爆发后显著增加（第1个时间点为1.61小时；第2个时间点为1.70小时；第3个时间点为2.29小时）。“PESCA”项目对PA/体育锻炼的患病率产生了积极影响，并且在新冠疫情之前可能为预防超重及相关变量提供了一些保护。然而，新冠疫情期间卫生当局的限制和封锁政策对所研究的健康和生活方式变量产生了负面影响，抵消了之前的改善成果。
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