Nally Sarah, Carlin Angela, Blackburn Nicole E, Baird Judith S, Salmon Jo, Murphy Marie H, Gallagher Alison M
Centre for Exercise Medicine, Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Jordanstown Campus, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK.
Centre for Health and Rehabilitation Technologies, Institute of Nursing and Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK.
Children (Basel). 2021 Jun 8;8(6):489. doi: 10.3390/children8060489.
School-based interventions are promising for targeting a change in obesity-related behaviours in children. However, the efficacy of school-based interventions to prevent obesity remains unclear. This review examined the effectiveness of school-based interventions at changing obesity-related behaviours (increased physical activity, decreased sedentary behaviour and improved nutrition behaviour) and/or a change in BMI/BMI z-score. Following PRISMA guidelines, seven databases were systematically searched from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2020. Two review authors independently screened studies for eligibility, completed data extraction and assessed the risk of bias of each of the included studies. Forty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in a narrative synthesis. Thirty-seven studies were eligible for inclusion in a meta-analysis. The findings demonstrate that interventions in children when compared to controls resulted in a small positive treatment effect in MVPA in the control group (2.14; 95% CI = 0.77, 3.50). There was no significant effect on sedentary behaviour, energy intake, and fruit and vegetable intake, and BMI kg/m. A small significant reduction was found between groups in BMI z-score (-0.04; 95% CI = -0.07, -0.01) in favour of the intervention. The findings have important implications for future intervention research in terms of the effectiveness of intervention components and characteristics.
以学校为基础的干预措施有望改变儿童与肥胖相关的行为。然而，以学校为基础的预防肥胖干预措施的效果仍不明确。本综述考察了以学校为基础的干预措施在改变与肥胖相关行为（增加身体活动、减少久坐行为和改善营养行为）和/或改变BMI/BMI z评分方面的有效性。按照PRISMA指南，对2009年1月1日至2020年12月31日期间的七个数据库进行了系统检索。两位综述作者独立筛选研究的合格性，完成数据提取并评估每项纳入研究的偏倚风险。48项研究符合纳入标准并被纳入叙述性综述。37项研究符合纳入荟萃分析的条件。研究结果表明，与对照组相比，针对儿童的干预措施在对照组的中度至剧烈身体活动方面产生了较小的积极治疗效果（2.14；95%置信区间=0.77，3.50）。对久坐行为、能量摄入、水果和蔬菜摄入量以及BMI kg/m没有显著影响。在BMI z评分方面，两组之间发现了有利于干预组的小幅显著降低（-0.04；95%置信区间=-0.07，-0.01）。这些发现对于未来干预研究在干预组成部分和特征的有效性方面具有重要意义。
