Zhang Wenyuan, Zhang Yanli, Zhao Yaqi, Li Liang, Zhang Zhanquan, Hettinga Kasper, Yang Haixia, Deng Jianjun
State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Dairy Science and Technology, Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Nutrients. 2024 Nov 28;16(23):4122. doi: 10.3390/nu16234122.
Human milk contains an abundance of nutrients which benefit the development and growth of infants. However, infant formula has to be used when breastfeeding is not possible. The large differences between human milk and infant formula in prebiotics lead to the suboptimal intestinal health of infant formula-fed infants. This functional deficit of infant formula may be overcome through other dietary polysaccharides that have been characterized. The aim of this review was to summarize the potential applications of dietary polysaccharides as prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics in infant formula to better mimic the functionality of human milk prebiotics for infant gut health. Previous studies have demonstrated the influences of dietary polysaccharides on gut microbiota, SCFA production, and immune system development. Compared to prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics showed better application potential in shaping the gut microbiota, the prevention of pathogen infections, and the development of the immune system. Moreover, the safety issues for biotics still require more clinical trials with a large-scale population and long time duration, and the generally accepted regulations are important to regulate related products. Pectin polysaccharides has similar impacts to human milk oligosaccharides on gut microbiota and the repairing of a damaged gut barrier, with similar functions also being observed for inulin and β-glucan. Prebiotics as an encapsulation material combined with probiotics and postbiotics showed better potential applications compared to traditional material in infant formula.
母乳含有丰富的营养物质，有益于婴儿的发育和成长。然而，无法进行母乳喂养时就必须使用婴儿配方奶粉。母乳和婴儿配方奶粉中益生元的巨大差异导致食用婴儿配方奶粉的婴儿肠道健康欠佳。婴儿配方奶粉的这一功能缺陷或许可通过其他已明确特性的膳食多糖来克服。本综述的目的是总结膳食多糖作为益生元、合生元和后生元在婴儿配方奶粉中的潜在应用，以更好地模拟母乳益生元对婴儿肠道健康的功能。先前的研究已证明膳食多糖对肠道微生物群、短链脂肪酸产生和免疫系统发育的影响。与益生元相比，合生元和后生元在塑造肠道微生物群、预防病原体感染和免疫系统发育方面显示出更好的应用潜力。此外，生物制剂的安全性问题仍需要更多针对大规模人群且持续时间长的临床试验，普遍认可的法规对于规范相关产品很重要。果胶多糖对肠道微生物群和受损肠道屏障修复的影响与母乳低聚糖相似，菊粉和β-葡聚糖也观察到类似功能。与传统材料相比，益生元作为一种与益生菌和后生元结合的包封材料在婴儿配方奶粉中显示出更好的潜在应用。
