Szymanowska Urszula, Karaś Monika, Jakubczyk Anna, Kocki Janusz, Szymanowski Rafał, Kapusta Ireneusz Tomasz
Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, 8 Skromna Str., 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland.
Molecules. 2024 Dec 1;29(23):5690. doi: 10.3390/molecules29235690.
This study investigated the impact of adding raspberry pomace to the phenolic content and biological properties of freeze-dried apple/raspberry bars. The bars were prepared by replacing apple puree with raspberry pomace (5-50%), and their phenolic compounds were assessed using ethanol and buffer extracts. This work also explored the potential bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in enriched bars through a simulated digestion process (digest). Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory (LOX, COX-2 inhibition), antihypertensive (ACE inhibition), and antiproliferative effects on AGS and HT-29 cancer cells were evaluated. The total polyphenol content was highest in the all bar variants post-digestion. The highest-904.26 ± 23.5 mg/100 g-was determined for the B50 sample In the enriched bars, the concentration of chlorogenic acid decreased from 6.99 ± 1.08 mg/L for BP5 to 2.75 ± 0.32 mg/L for BP50, but the ellagic acid concentration increased from 1.46 ± 0.02 mg/L for BP5 to 12.73 ± 0.09 mg/L for BP50. Among the tested extracts, the highest antioxidant and LOX, COX-2 inhibiting activity was determined for digest. The ability to neutralize free radicals increased with raspberry pomace addition from 3.63 ± 0.26 mM TE/100 g for BC to 5.58 ± 0.22 mM TE/100 g for the BP50 sample. ACE inhibition was quite similar for ethanolic and digest extracts, but much weaker for buffer extracts. The lowest EC50 value was 1.04 ± 0.03 mg/mL for the BP30 ethanolic sample. Analyzed extracts showed antiproliferative activity against both tested cell lines. The EC50 values for HT-29 cancer cells decreased from 0.354 ± 0.031 mg/mL for BC to 0.026 ± 0.006 mg/mL for the BP50 digest sample. It can be assumed that the BP30 bar best met the assumed criteria, and is optimal for both sensory quality (receiving an average score of 4.45) and health benefits.
本研究调查了在冻干苹果/覆盆子棒中添加树莓果渣对其酚类物质含量和生物学特性的影响。通过用树莓果渣（5%-50%）替代苹果泥来制备这些棒，并使用乙醇提取物和缓冲液提取物对其酚类化合物进行评估。这项工作还通过模拟消化过程（消化）探索了强化棒中酚类化合物的潜在生物可及性。评估了对AGS和HT-29癌细胞的抗氧化、抗炎（抑制LOX、COX-2）、抗高血压（抑制ACE）和抗增殖作用。所有棒变体在消化后的总多酚含量最高。B50样品的含量最高，为904.26±23.5毫克/100克。在强化棒中，绿原酸浓度从BP5的6.99±1.08毫克/升降至BP50的2.75±0.32毫克/升，但鞣花酸浓度从BP5的1.46±0.02毫克/升增至BP50的12.73±0.09毫克/升。在测试的提取物中，消化提取物的抗氧化和抑制LOX、COX-2活性最高。随着树莓果渣添加量的增加，自由基中和能力从BC的3.63±0.26毫摩尔TE/100克增至BP50样品的5.58±0.22毫摩尔TE/100克。乙醇提取物和消化提取物的ACE抑制作用相当相似，但缓冲液提取物的抑制作用要弱得多。BP30乙醇样品的最低EC50值为1.04±0.03毫克/毫升。分析的提取物对两种测试细胞系均显示出抗增殖活性。HT-29癌细胞的EC50值从BC的0.354±0.031毫克/毫升降至BP50消化样品的0.026±0.006毫克/毫升。可以认为BP30棒最符合设定标准，在感官品质（平均得分为4.45）和健康益处方面均最为理想。
