Olaru Iulia, Stefanache Alina, Gutu Cristian, Lungu Ionut Iulian, Mihai Cozmin, Grierosu Carmen, Calin Gabriela, Marcu Constantin, Ciuhodaru Tudor
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University "Dunarea de Jos", 47 Domneasca Str., 800008 Galati, Romania.
Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
Polymers (Basel). 2024 Nov 22;16(23):3247. doi: 10.3390/polym16233247.
(1) Background: Since the discovery of antibiotics in the first half of the 20th century, humans have abused this privilege, giving rise to antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Recent research has brought to light the use of antimicrobial peptides in polymers, hydrogels, and nanoparticles (NPs) as a newer and safer alternative to traditional antibiotics. (2) Methods: This review article is a synthesis of the scientific works published in the last 15 years, focusing on the synthesis of polymers with proven antimicrobial properties. (3) Results: After a critical review of the literature was made, information and data about the synthesis and antimicrobial activity of antibacterial polymers and NPs functionalized with antibiotics were extracted. Fluorinated surfactants such as the Quaterfluo series presented significant antimicrobial effects and could be modulated to contain thioesters to boost this characteristic. Biopolymers like chitosan and starch were also doped with iodine and used as iodophors to deliver iodine atoms directly to pathogens, as well as being antimicrobial on their own. Quaternary phosphonium salts are known for their increased antimicrobial activity compared to ammonium-containing polymers and are more thermally stable. (4) Conclusions: In summary, polymers and polymeric NPs seem like future alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Future research is needed to determine functional doses for clinical use and their toxicity.
（1）背景：自20世纪上半叶发现抗生素以来，人类滥用了这一特权，导致了抗生素耐药病原体的出现。最近的研究揭示了在聚合物、水凝胶和纳米颗粒（NPs）中使用抗菌肽作为传统抗生素更新、更安全的替代品。（2）方法：这篇综述文章综合了过去15年发表的科学著作，重点关注具有已证实抗菌特性的聚合物的合成。（3）结果：在对文献进行批判性综述后，提取了有关用抗生素功能化的抗菌聚合物和NPs的合成及抗菌活性的信息和数据。氟化表面活性剂如季氟系列呈现出显著的抗菌效果，并且可以被调节以含有硫酯来增强这一特性。壳聚糖和淀粉等生物聚合物也用碘进行了掺杂，并用作碘伏直接将碘原子传递给病原体，同时它们自身也具有抗菌作用。季鏻盐与含铵聚合物相比，其抗菌活性有所提高，并且热稳定性更高。（4）结论：总之，聚合物和聚合物纳米颗粒似乎是传统抗生素未来的替代品。需要进一步的研究来确定临床使用的功能剂量及其毒性。
