Dabija Marius Gabriel, Olaru Iulia, Ciuhodaru Tudor, Stefanache Alina, Mihai Cozmin, Lungu Ionut Iulian, Calin Gabriela, Stadoleanu Carmen, Damir Daniela Liliana
"Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Dunarea de Jos" University, 47 Domneasca Str., 800008 Galati, Romania.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Feb 20;17(5):558. doi: 10.3390/polym17050558.
(1) Background: This review study will delve into the potential of chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) as adaptable carriers for targeted drug delivery in different therapeutic areas. Chitosan is a biopolymer derived from chitin that has attracted interest in drug delivery applications because of its high biocompatibility and biodegradability. (2) Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted by following a careful systematized protocol for searching databases like PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. (3) Results: Chitosan NPs are good drug delivery vehicles, notably for cancer. Studies reveal that doxorubicin-loaded chitosan NPs dramatically enhance toxicity to tumor cells compared to free medicines, yielding tumor suppression rates of up to 60%. Researchers found that chemotherapeutics had an 85% encapsulation efficiency (EE), lowering systemic toxicity. Magnetic and pH-responsive chitosan NPs boost drug accumulation by 63% and apoptosis by 54%. Chitosan also boosts medication retention in the lungs by 2.3×, per pulmonary delivery trials. Chitosan NPs also boost ocular medication bioavailability by 3× and improve nasal absorption by 30%, crossing the blood-brain barrier. For bone regeneration, chitosan scaffolds enhance bone mineral density by 46%, facilitating osteogenesis and healing. (4) Conclusions: NPs made of chitosan provide a solid foundation for improving drug delivery systems; yet there are still issues with material variability, scalability, and meeting regulatory requirements that need fixing. Research into combination treatments, ways to increase their specificity, and ways to optimize these NPs offers promising prospects for the creation of novel therapeutic approaches with the potential to improve patient outcomes.
(1) 背景：本综述研究将深入探讨壳聚糖纳米颗粒（NPs）作为不同治疗领域靶向药物递送的适应性载体的潜力。壳聚糖是一种由甲壳素衍生而来的生物聚合物，因其高生物相容性和生物可降解性而在药物递送应用中引起了关注。(2) 方法：按照精心制定的系统方案，对PubMed、谷歌学术和科学Direct等数据库进行全面的文献检索。(3) 结果：壳聚糖纳米颗粒是良好的药物递送载体，尤其是对癌症治疗。研究表明，与游离药物相比，负载阿霉素的壳聚糖纳米颗粒显著增强了对肿瘤细胞的毒性，肿瘤抑制率高达60%。研究人员发现，化疗药物的包封率（EE）为85%，降低了全身毒性。磁性和pH响应性壳聚糖纳米颗粒使药物积累增加63%，细胞凋亡增加54%。根据肺部给药试验，壳聚糖还使药物在肺部的滞留量提高了2.3倍。壳聚糖纳米颗粒还使眼部药物的生物利用度提高了3倍，并使鼻腔吸收提高了30%，能够穿越血脑屏障。对于骨再生，壳聚糖支架使骨矿物质密度提高了46%，促进了骨生成和愈合。(4) 结论：壳聚糖制成的纳米颗粒为改善药物递送系统提供了坚实的基础；然而，在材料可变性、可扩展性以及满足监管要求方面仍存在需要解决的问题。对联合治疗、提高其特异性的方法以及优化这些纳米颗粒的方法的研究，为创造有可能改善患者治疗效果的新型治疗方法提供了有前景的前景。
