Lewoń-Mrozek Dominika, Kurzynoga Julia, Jędrzejewski Piotr, Kędzierska Karolina, Partyka Alicja, Kuriata-Kordek Magdalena, Ściskalska Milena
Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12 St., 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
Student Society of Laboratory Diagnosticians, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A St., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 6;25(23):13129. doi: 10.3390/ijms252313129.
PON1 is a Ca-dependent enzyme that indicates a hydrolytic activity towards a broad spectrum of substrates. The mechanism of hydrolysis catalyzed by this enzyme is poorly understood. It was shown that the active site of PON1 is highly dynamic. The catalytic center of this enzyme consists of side chains of amino acids binding two calcium ions, from which the first one performs a structural function and the other one is responsible for the catalytic properties of PON1. This review summarizes available information on the structure of PONs, the role of amino acids located in the active site in specificity, and multiple substrate affinity of enzymes for understanding and explaining the basis of the physiological function of PONs. Moreover, in this paper, we described the changes in the structure of PONs induced by environmental and genetic factors and their association with diseases. The detoxification efficiency depends on the polymorphism of the gene, especially Q192R. However, data on the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene and cardiovascular or neurodegenerative diseases are insufficient. The reviewed papers may confirm that PON1 is a very promising tool for diagnostics, but further studies are required.
对氧磷酶1（PON1）是一种钙依赖性酶，对多种底物具有水解活性。人们对该酶催化水解的机制了解甚少。研究表明，PON1的活性位点具有高度动态性。该酶的催化中心由结合两个钙离子的氨基酸侧链组成，其中第一个钙离子起结构作用，另一个钙离子负责PON1的催化特性。本综述总结了有关对氧磷酶（PONs）结构、活性位点氨基酸在特异性方面的作用以及酶对多种底物的亲和力的现有信息，以理解和解释PONs生理功能的基础。此外，在本文中，我们描述了环境和遗传因素引起的PONs结构变化及其与疾病的关联。解毒效率取决于该基因的多态性，尤其是Q192R。然而，关于该基因单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与心血管疾病或神经退行性疾病之间关联的数据并不充分。所综述的论文可能证实PON1是一种非常有前景的诊断工具，但仍需要进一步研究。
