Wójciak Magdalena, Świątoniowska-Lonc Natalia, Węgrzynowska-Teodorczyk Kinga
Centre for Heart Diseases, 4th Military Hospital, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland.
Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Nov 29;12(23):2401. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12232401.
The growing population of the elderly is accompanied by an increase in the number of people with frailty syndrome. Apart from advanced age, the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases is also one of the agents favorable to frailty that is a factor aggravating the disease prognosis. However, it is worth noting that this is an agent changeable by, i.a., movement rehabilitation. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) based on comprehensiveness, early implementation, and multiplicity is standard intervention in patients with cardiovascular diseases. In cardiac patients with accompanying frailty or pre-frailty syndrome, it is worth making efforts to upgrade the CR program. Studies on the effect of cardiac rehabilitation or its modifications on the level of frailty of patients with cardiovascular disease were analyzed. Training programs based on endurance training should be supplemented by resistance, balance, mobility, and respiratory exercises. Furthermore, it is important to educate patients about the need to increase daily physical activity. This review presents different approaches to CR (traditional CR, multicomponent training, training with a HAL (Hybrid Assistive Limb), and prehabilitation) and their impact on frailty score. Early implemented and comprehensive rehabilitation allows for the improvement of the clinical state and for a decrease in overall frailty. It also guarantees safety during everyday activities. It is crucial for the fitness of the elderly to encourage them to increase daily physical activity and to exercises at home.
老年人口的不断增长伴随着衰弱综合征患者数量的增加。除高龄外，心血管疾病的发生也是导致衰弱的有利因素之一，而衰弱又是加重疾病预后的一个因素。然而，值得注意的是，这是一个可通过运动康复等方式改变的因素。基于全面性、早期实施和多样性的心脏康复（CR）是心血管疾病患者的标准干预措施。对于伴有衰弱或衰弱前期综合征的心脏病患者，努力升级CR方案是值得的。对心脏康复或其改良措施对心血管疾病患者衰弱程度影响的研究进行了分析。基于耐力训练的训练方案应辅以抗阻、平衡、活动能力和呼吸练习。此外，对患者进行关于增加日常身体活动必要性的教育也很重要。本综述介绍了CR的不同方法（传统CR、多组分训练、使用HAL（混合辅助肢体）的训练和预康复）及其对衰弱评分的影响。早期实施且全面的康复可改善临床状态并降低整体衰弱程度。它还能保证日常活动中的安全性。鼓励老年人增加日常身体活动并在家中进行锻炼对其健康至关重要。
