Rabajczyk Anna, Gniazdowska Justyna, Stojek Piotr, Czyżewska Katarzyna, Trusek Anna, Labus Karolina
Scientific and Research Centre for Fire Protection-National Research Institute, Aleja Nadwiślańska 213, 05-420 Józefów, Poland.
Department of Micro, Nano and Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-373 Wrocław, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Nov 27;17(23):5820. doi: 10.3390/ma17235820.
Increasingly intense changes in climatic conditions and the use of modified materials are causing fires, the consequences of which are increasingly serious for the environment. On one hand, there is the issue of access to water resources. On the other hand, there is the problem of post-fire wastewater, which often contains a mixture of simple inorganic compounds and complex organic molecules, making the removal of pollutants a difficult task requiring innovative approaches. Among these solutions, hydrogels stand out as a promising class of sorption materials. Depending on their synthesis or functionalization, hydrogels can effectively capture contaminants and facilitate the reduction or removal of specific pollutants. This study explores the functionalization of polymeric materials, specifically hydrogels, using microorganisms or bioactive substances to create materials capable of treating water contaminated with hazardous substances generated during firefighting incidents. The possibility of wastewater capture was also taken into account to retain pretreated water at the place of pollutant generation. The analysis covered the potential, conditions, and limitations of using hydrogels in post-fire operations for the effective management of contaminated waters. It was shown that hydrogels, depending on the modification, have the potential to capture wastewater and purify it from both organic and inorganic substances specific to post-fire wastewater. However, it is not possible for a given hydrogel to meet all desired expectations at the same time. Furthermore, modifications that facilitate the optimal performance of certain functionalities may render the others ineffective.
气候条件日益剧烈的变化以及改性材料的使用正在引发火灾，其后果对环境的影响越来越严重。一方面，存在水资源获取问题。另一方面，火灾后废水问题突出，这种废水通常含有简单无机化合物和复杂有机分子的混合物，使得污染物的去除成为一项需要创新方法的艰巨任务。在这些解决方案中，水凝胶作为一类有前景的吸附材料脱颖而出。根据其合成或功能化情况，水凝胶能够有效捕获污染物，并促进特定污染物的减少或去除。本研究探索了使用微生物或生物活性物质对聚合物材料（特别是水凝胶）进行功能化，以制备能够处理受火灾事故中产生的有害物质污染的水的材料。还考虑了捕获废水的可能性，以便在污染物产生地留住预处理后的水。该分析涵盖了在火灾后行动中使用水凝胶有效管理受污染水体的潜力、条件和局限性。结果表明，根据改性情况，水凝胶有潜力捕获废水并从火灾后废水中特有的有机和无机物质中净化废水。然而，对于给定的水凝胶来说，不可能同时满足所有期望。此外，促进某些功能最佳性能的改性可能会使其他功能失效。
