Łucarz Mariusz, Garbacz-Klempka Aldona, Brzeziński Marcin, Pribulová Alena, Fedorko Patrik
Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, Reymonta 23 St., 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Kosice, Letna 1/9, 042 00 Kosice, Slovakia.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Dec 6;17(23):5991. doi: 10.3390/ma17235991.
The ongoing sustainable reduction in natural resources is prompting companies to look for materials to reuse that were previously classified as waste. Uses are sought for them either in their existing area of use or in other areas of the economy. In many cases, this is difficult. The aim of this research is to see if there is a possibility of reusing the grain matrix, a major component of spent moulding sand that was perhaps diverted too early as waste to landfill. This study included three samples of spent moulding sand of unknown origin from landfills. A study of the collected materials was carried out to identify and characterise the impurities accumulated on the surface of the matrix grains. Sieve analyses, scanning photographs, and chemical analysis with a scanning microscope were performed. The surface morphology of the samples was assessed using a confocal microscope, and chemical composition analyses were performed using LIBS laser-induced emission spectroscopy LIBS. The thermogravimetric analysis, ignition loss, and gas formability of the tested materials were performed. The tested samples were subjected to high temperatures as the most efficient method of organic waste disposal. The analyses carried out earlier were repeated on the resulting material. It was found that only one of the tested samples, in the case of the application of thermal reclamation of spent moulding sand, allowed for obtaining a grain matrix (quartz sand) of high purity scale for reuse in the foundry industry or after further treatments in other industries. The other wastes analysed require intensive mechanical treatment, which does not guarantee, due to the shape of the grain matrix, the expected purity of the quartz sand or, in the case of intensive mechanical abrasive influences, a satisfactory grain matrix yield.
自然资源的持续可持续减少促使企业寻找以前被归类为废物的可再利用材料。人们在这些材料的现有使用领域或其他经济领域寻找其用途。在许多情况下，这很困难。本研究的目的是探讨是否有可能再利用谷物基质，它是废型砂的主要成分，可能过早地作为废物被转移到垃圾填埋场。本研究包括从垃圾填埋场采集的三个来源不明的废型砂样本。对收集到的材料进行了研究，以识别和表征积聚在基质颗粒表面的杂质。进行了筛分分析、扫描照片以及用扫描显微镜进行化学分析。使用共聚焦显微镜评估样品的表面形态，并使用LIBS激光诱导发射光谱法进行化学成分分析。对测试材料进行了热重分析、烧失量和气体形成性测试。作为有机废物处理的最有效方法，对测试样品进行高温处理。对所得材料重复进行之前进行的分析。结果发现，在对废型砂进行热回收的情况下，只有一个测试样品能够获得高纯度等级的谷物基质（石英砂），可在铸造行业再利用或在其他行业经过进一步处理后再利用。分析的其他废物需要进行强化机械处理，由于谷物基质的形状，这无法保证石英砂达到预期的纯度，或者在强化机械磨蚀作用下，无法保证获得令人满意的谷物基质产量。
