日本老年人的体操锻炼与功能残疾和痴呆风险：日本老年学和老年医学学会队列研究
Taiso practice and risk of functional disability and dementia among older adults in Japan: The JAGES cohort study.
作者信息
Kanamori Satoru, Kawaguchi Kenjiro, Tsuji Taishi, Ide Kazushige, Kikuchi Hiroyuki, Shirai Kokoro, Yamakita Mitsuya, Kai Yuko, Kawachi Ichiro, Kondo Katsunori
机构信息
Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
出版信息
SSM Popul Health. 2024 Nov 19;28:101731. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101731. eCollection 2024 Dec.
BACKGROUND
Taiso is a Japanese term encompassing meanings akin to calisthenics. Taiso is a widely used exercise program in Japan but whether it prevents functional disability and dementia remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the association between practicing Taiso, especially focusing on the well-known Radio-Taiso, and functional disability and dementia in older adults in Japan.
METHODS
This population-based prospective cohort study used data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES). The participants were 18,016 people aged 65 years or older who resided in 19 municipalities in Japan and were not certified as needing long-term care at the start of follow-up. The outcomes were all functional disability, moderate-to-severe functional disability, and dementia, during an average of 5.3 years of follow-up. Four groups were created based on type of Taiso practice (None, Radio-Taiso only, Other Taiso only, or Both). The Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, equivalized income, educational attainment, household composition, employment status, diseases requiring treatment, activities of daily living, depression, cognitive impairment, and walking duration.
RESULTS
The analysis included data from 11,219 individuals. The mean age of respondents was 74.2 years and 46.3% were men. Compared with the no-practice group, the Other Taiso only group showed a notably decreased risk of all functional disability (hazard ratio [95% CI] 0.87 [0.78-0.96]). The Other Taiso only group was associated with a significant reduction in the hazard ratio for moderate-to-severe functional disability (0.81 [0.70-0.93]). Decreases in the hazard ratio for dementia were also observed in the Radio-Taiso only (0.82 [0.68-0.9998]) and Other Taiso only groups (0.81 [0.70-0.93]).
CONCLUSIONS
Practicing Taiso, including Radio-Taiso, may reduce the risk of dementia in older adults, while practicing other types of Taiso may reduce the risk of functional disability.
背景
“体操”（Taiso）是一个日语词汇，其含义类似于健身操。在日本，体操是一种广泛使用的锻炼项目，但它是否能预防功能残疾和痴呆尚不清楚。本研究旨在阐明进行体操锻炼，特别是著名的广播体操，与日本老年人功能残疾和痴呆之间的关联。
方法
这项基于人群的前瞻性队列研究使用了日本老年学评估研究（JAGES）的数据。参与者为18,016名65岁及以上居住在日本19个城市的老年人，在随访开始时未被认证为需要长期护理。在平均5.3年的随访期间，观察的结局指标为所有功能残疾、中重度功能残疾和痴呆。根据体操练习类型（无、仅广播体操、仅其他类型体操、或两者都练）分为四组。采用Cox比例风险模型，并对年龄、性别、等效收入、教育程度、家庭构成、就业状况、需要治疗的疾病、日常生活活动能力、抑郁、认知障碍和步行时间进行了校正。
结果
分析纳入了11,219名个体的数据。受访者的平均年龄为74.2岁，男性占46.3%。与不锻炼组相比，仅进行其他类型体操组出现所有功能残疾的风险显著降低（风险比[95%置信区间]0.87[0.78 - 0.96]）。仅进行其他类型体操组与中重度功能残疾的风险比显著降低相关（风险比0.81[0.70 - 0.93]）。在仅进行广播体操组（0.82[0.68 - 0.9998]）和仅进行其他类型体操组（0.81[0.70 - 0.93]）中，痴呆的风险比也有所降低。
结论
进行包括广播体操在内的体操锻炼可能会降低老年人患痴呆的风险，而进行其他类型的体操可能会降低功能残疾的风险。
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