Østerstrøm Freja F, Carter Toby J, Shaw David R, Abbatt Jonathan P D, Abeleira Andrew, Arata Caleb, Bottorff Brandon P, Cardoso-Saldaña Felipe J, DeCarlo Peter F, Farmer Delphine K, Goldstein Allen H, Ruiz Lea Hildebrandt, Kahan Tara F, Mattila James M, Novoselac Atila, Stevens Philip S, Reidy Emily, Rosales Colleen Marciel F, Wang Chen, Zhou Shan, Carslaw Nicola
Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK.
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2025 Jan 22;27(1):188-201. doi: 10.1039/d4em00628c.
In the indoor environment, occupants are exposed to air pollutants originating from continuous indoor sources and exchange with the outdoor air, with the highest concentration episodes dominated by activities performed indoors such as cooking and cleaning. Here we use the INdoor CHEMical model in Python (INCHEM-Py) constrained by measurements from the House Observations of Microbial and Environmental Chemistry (HOMEChem) campaign, to investigate the impact of a bleach cleaning event and cooking on indoor air chemistry. Measurements of the concentrations of longer-lived organic and inorganic compounds, as well as measured photolysis rates, have been used as input for the model, and the modelled hydroxyl (OH) radicals, hydroperoxyl radicals, and nitrous acid (HONO) concentrations compared to the measured values. The peak modelled OH, , and HONO concentrations during cooking and cleaning activities are about 30%, 10%, and 30% higher than the observations, respectively, within experimental uncertainties. We have determined rates for the rapid loss of HONO formed through cooking activities onto a wet surface during the cleaning events and also for the subsequent slow release of HONO from the cleaned surface back into the gas-phase. Using INCHEM-Py we have also predicted peak concentrations of chlorine (Cl) atoms, (0.75-2.3) × 10 atom per cm at the time of cleaning. Model predictions of the Cl atom and OH radical reactivities were also explored, showing high Cl atom reactivity throughout the day, peaking around 5000-9000 s. The OH reactivity was found to increase from a background value close to urban outdoor levels of 20-40 s, to levels exceeding observations in outdoor polluted areas following cooking and cleaning activities (up to 160 s). This underlines the high oxidation capacity of the indoor atmospheric environment through determining the abundance of volatile organic compounds.
在室内环境中，居住者会接触到源自持续室内源的空气污染物，并与室外空气进行交换，浓度最高的时段主要由室内活动（如烹饪和清洁）主导。在此，我们使用受微生物与环境化学室内观测（HOMEChem）活动测量数据约束的Python室内化学模型（INCHEM-Py），来研究漂白剂清洁事件和烹饪对室内空气化学的影响。对寿命较长的有机和无机化合物浓度的测量以及测得的光解速率，已用作该模型的输入，并且将模拟的羟基（OH）自由基、氢过氧自由基和亚硝酸（HONO）浓度与测量值进行了比较。在实验不确定性范围内，烹饪和清洁活动期间模拟的OH、 和HONO浓度峰值分别比观测值高约30%、10%和30%。我们已经确定了烹饪活动中形成的HONO在清洁事件期间在潮湿表面上快速损失的速率，以及随后HONO从清洁表面缓慢释放回气相的速率。使用INCHEM-Py，我们还预测了清洁时氯（Cl）原子的峰值浓度，为（0.75 - 2.3）×10个原子每立方厘米。还探讨了Cl原子和OH自由基反应性的模型预测，结果表明Cl原子全天反应性都很高，在5000 - 9000秒左右达到峰值。发现OH反应性从接近城市室外水平的20 - 40秒的背景值增加到烹饪和清洁活动后超过室外污染区域观测值的水平（高达160秒）。这通过确定挥发性有机化合物的丰度强调了室内大气环境的高氧化能力。
