Chia Oil ( L.) Improves the Intestinal Health of Rats Fed a Hypercaloric Diet.

BACKGROUND

A diet rich in fat and sugar is present in society everyday life, leading to the development of metabolic changes, especially in intestinal microbiota. Chia oil is a source of alpha-linolenic acid, which has antioxidant and anti-glycemic effects. Based on this, we hypothesized that chia oil may promote intestinal health.

OBJECTIVE

The study aims to investigate the effects of chia oil on gut microbiota and intestinal health in rats fed a high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFHF).

METHODS

The animals were separated into two groups and received the following diets: standard murine diet (AIN-93M) ( = 10) and HFHF ( = 20) to induce metabolic changes (phase I) during eight weeks. After that, the AIN-93M group remained unchanged, while the HFHF group was divided into two groups: HFHF ( = 10) and HFHF with chia oil (HFHF+CO) ( = 10) for ten weeks (phase II, chia oil treatment). We analyzed immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, cecal pH, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), intestinal permeability, intestinal microbiome composition, histomorphometry, and murinometric parameters.

RESULTS

Chia oil consumption increased alpha-linolenic acid intake, IgA levels, propionic acid production, cecum weight, goblet cell number, thickness and depth of intestinal crypts, and the thickness of both circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the colon, and decreased cecal pH. No change was observed in the alpha and beta diversity between the HFHF and HFHF+CO groups. The HFHF+CO diet increased the relative abundance of genera sp., sp., and sp., compared to the AIN-93M group. No difference was observed in the intestinal permeability among the groups.

CONCLUSION

Chia oil consumption is an alternative for improving the intestinal health of rats fed a HFHF diet.