Knoke Lisa R, Muskietorz Maik, Kühn Lena, Leichert Lars I
Ruhr University Bochum, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry - Microbial Biochemistry, Bochum, Germany.
Ruhr University Bochum, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry - Microbial Biochemistry, Bochum, Germany.
Redox Biol. 2025 Feb;79:103453. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103453. Epub 2024 Dec 3.
Glutathione is the major thiol-based antioxidant in a wide variety of biological systems, ranging from bacteria to eukaryotes. As a redox couple, consisting of reduced glutathione (GSH) and its oxidized form, glutathione disulfide (GSSG), it is crucial for the maintenance of the cellular redox balance. Glutathione transport out of and into cellular compartments and the extracellular space is a determinant of the thiol-disulfide redox state of the organelles and bodily fluids in question, but is currently not well understood. Here we use the genetically-encoded, glutathione-measuring redox probe Grx1-roGFP2 to comprehensively elucidate the import of extracellular glutathione into the cytoplasm of the model organism Escherichia coli. The elimination of only two ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter systems, Gsi and Opp, completely abrogates glutathione import into E. coli's cytoplasm, both in its reduced and oxidized form. The lack of only one of them, Gsi, completely prevents import of GSSG, while the lack of the other, Opp, substantially retards the uptake of reduced glutathione (GSH).
谷胱甘肽是从细菌到真核生物等多种生物系统中主要的基于硫醇的抗氧化剂。作为由还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）及其氧化形式谷胱甘肽二硫化物（GSSG）组成的氧化还原对，它对于维持细胞氧化还原平衡至关重要。谷胱甘肽进出细胞区室和细胞外空间的运输是所讨论的细胞器和体液中硫醇 - 二硫化物氧化还原状态的一个决定因素，但目前对此了解甚少。在这里，我们使用基因编码的谷胱甘肽测量氧化还原探针Grx1 - roGFP2来全面阐明细胞外谷胱甘肽导入模式生物大肠杆菌细胞质的过程。仅消除两个ATP结合盒（ABC）转运系统Gsi和Opp，就会完全消除谷胱甘肽以还原型和氧化型形式导入大肠杆菌的细胞质。仅缺少其中一个系统Gsi，就会完全阻止GSSG的导入，而缺少另一个系统Opp，则会显著阻碍还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）的摄取。
