Bie Fengsai, Yan Xiaoling, Xing Jie, Wang Leilei, Xu Yang, Wang Guan, Wang Qian, Guo Jinyu, Qiao Jing, Rao Zhenzhen
National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Front Psychiatry. 2024 Nov 26;15:1489427. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1489427. eCollection 2024.
Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental health conditions globally, particularly affecting adolescents and young adults (10-24 years), and causing substantial psychological and social impairments. This study analyzed changes in the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of anxiety disorders in this age group from 1990 to 2021, emphasizing the impact of socioeconomic disparities and the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly post-2019.
Utilizing the Global Burden of Disease(GBD) 2021 data from 204 countries, this study evaluated global trends in anxiety disorders among adolescents and young adults. Conducted between May 16 and August 1, 2024, it assessed prevalence, incidence, DALYs, and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) from 1990 to 2021. Joinpoint regression identified significant shifts in incidence rates, with key risk factors, especially bullying victimization,examined. The analysis was stratified by region, country, age group, sex, and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI).
From 1990 to 2021, the global incidence of anxiety disorders among those aged 10-24 years increased by 52%, particularly in the 10-14 age group and post-2019. Females showed higher prevalence rates than males, and DALYs rose notably among the 20-24-year-olds. Regions with middle SDI reported the highest incidence and prevalence, whereas high SDI regions experienced the largest increases. India had the highest number of cases, while Mexico saw the greatest rise. A gradual decline in incidence was noted until 2001, followed by a slow increase, with a sharp rise from 2019 to 2021. Bullying victimization was a significant risk factor, especially in regions with a high anxiety disorder burden.
The rising incidence of anxiety disorders among adolescents and young adults over the past 30 years reflects the increasing global mental health burden. Socioeconomic factors, particularly in middle SDI regions, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated this trend. Effective, targeted interventions focusing on early prevention and community-based mental health management are urgently needed to mitigate the long-term impact on young populations globally.
焦虑症是全球最普遍的心理健康问题之一，尤其影响青少年和青年（10 - 24岁），并造成严重的心理和社会功能损害。本研究分析了1990年至2021年该年龄组焦虑症的发病率、患病率和伤残调整生命年（DALYs）的变化，强调了社会经济差距和新冠疫情（尤其是2019年后）的影响。
利用来自204个国家的全球疾病负担（GBD）2021数据，本研究评估了青少年和青年中焦虑症的全球趋势。研究于2024年5月16日至8月1日进行，评估了1990年至2021年的患病率、发病率、伤残调整生命年和估计年百分比变化（EAPCs）。Joinpoint回归确定了发病率的显著变化，并对关键风险因素，特别是受欺凌情况进行了研究。分析按地区、国家、年龄组、性别和社会人口指数（SDI）进行分层。
1990年至2021年，10 - 24岁人群中焦虑症的全球发病率上升了52%，特别是在10 - 14岁年龄组和2019年后。女性的患病率高于男性，20 - 24岁人群的伤残调整生命年显著上升。中等SDI地区的发病率和患病率最高，而高SDI地区的增长幅度最大。印度的病例数最多，而墨西哥的增长幅度最大。在2001年之前发病率呈逐渐下降趋势，随后缓慢上升，2019年至2021年急剧上升。受欺凌是一个重要的风险因素，特别是在焦虑症负担较高的地区。
过去30年青少年和青年中焦虑症发病率的上升反映了全球心理健康负担的增加。社会经济因素，特别是中等SDI地区的因素，以及新冠疫情的影响加剧了这一趋势。迫切需要采取有效、有针对性的干预措施，注重早期预防和基于社区的心理健康管理，以减轻对全球年轻人群的长期影响。
