Avila-Rieger Justina F, Adkins-Jackson Paris B, Hill-Jarrett Tanisha G, Robinson Whitney R, Keyes Katherine M, Schupf Nicole, Brickman Adam M, Mayeux Richard P, Manly Jennifer J
Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Alzheimers Dement. 2025 Feb;21(2):e14410. doi: 10.1002/alz.14410. Epub 2024 Dec 18.
We investigated whether early life exposure to state-level structural sexism influenced late-life memory trajectories among United Staes (U.S.) -born women and men and determined whether associations differed between racialized groups.
Participants were from the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP; N = 2314) and Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 18,631). State-level structural sexism was measured via U.S. census and administrative data and linked to participants in each study by birth year and state.
Exposure to greater structural sexism was associated with lower baseline memory performance among WHICAP women and HRS men and faster memory decline among women in both studies. Women born in the state with the highest structural sexism showed memory decline like that of those who were 9 years older. Structural sexism-baseline memory associations were stronger among Black women than White women.
Early life exposure to structural sexism negatively impacts late-life memory trajectories among women.
A longitudinal measure captured state-level structural sexism from 1900 to 1960. Exposure to structural sexism was associated with worse late-life memory outcomes. Associations were strongest among women for memory decline. The negative impact on memory performance was stronger among Black women. Lowering structural sexism may, in turn, reduce memory decline among women.
我们调查了早年暴露于州级结构性性别歧视是否会影响美国出生的女性和男性晚年的记忆轨迹，并确定不同种族群体之间的关联是否存在差异。
参与者来自华盛顿高地-因伍德哥伦比亚老龄化项目（WHICAP；N = 2314）和健康与退休研究（HRS；N = 18,631）。州级结构性性别歧视通过美国人口普查和行政数据进行衡量，并根据出生年份和州与每项研究中的参与者进行关联。
在WHICAP女性和HRS男性中，暴露于更严重的结构性性别歧视与较低的基线记忆表现相关，并且在两项研究中的女性中记忆衰退更快。出生在结构性性别歧视程度最高州的女性表现出的记忆衰退程度与比她们大9岁的女性相当。结构性性别歧视与基线记忆之间的关联在黑人女性中比白人女性中更强。
早年暴露于结构性性别歧视会对女性晚年的记忆轨迹产生负面影响。
一项纵向测量捕捉了1900年至1960年的州级结构性性别歧视。暴露于结构性性别歧视与更差的晚年记忆结果相关。记忆衰退在女性中的关联最强。对记忆表现的负面影响在黑人女性中更强。降低结构性性别歧视可能会相应减少女性的记忆衰退。
