Zhang Zhuanxia, Liu Zeliang, Coulon Frederic, Luo Gubai, Wang Qing, Gao Xinyu, Li Zhongyuan, Song Xin
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China.
Environ Res. 2025 Feb 15;267:120650. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120650. Epub 2024 Dec 16.
This study investigates the co-occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) and their effects on the indigenous microbial communities in soils at a contaminated site with a history of petroleum refinery operations. PFASs concentrations were in the range of 5.65-6.73 ng/g, and fluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) were the dominating compounds. No significant difference was observed in the PFASs concentration profiles between the site and background locations, indicating that PFASs detected in the soil samples were mainly contributed from non-point sources, due to the long-distance transport of PFASs in the region. The concentrations of TPHs and BTEX ranged from 227 to 72,360 mg/kg and 0.06-2109.77 mg/kg, respectively, mainly contributed by the historical refinery activities. The presence of PFASs, TPHs, and BTEX significantly impacted soil microbial community diversity and abundance, altering microbial compositions and enriching bacteria with higher resistance or metabolic capabilities against contamination. Strong correlations were observed between TPHs and its degraders such as Pseudomonas, Azoarcus, and Polaromonas. Significant positive relationship between PFASs and Trichlorobacter implied the potential defluorination capabilities of Trichlorobacter, warranting further investigation. Moreover, the higher energy metabolism including carbon, nitrogen and sulfur metabolisms and higher abundance of metabolic enzymes for alkane, cyclohexane and toluene in the refinery site revealed the potential occurrence of natural biodegradation of contaminants with indigenous microbial community. These findings highlight the complexity of sites contaminated with a mixture of traditional and emerging contaminants, providing valuable insights into the potential for biodegradation of mixed contaminants and underscoring the need for integrated approaches in environmental remediation strategies. This study contributes to understanding the ecological impacts of co-occurring contaminants and emphasizes the importance of considering multiple contaminant types in environmental risk assessments and remediation efforts.
本研究调查了全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）、石油烃（TPHs）以及苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯（BTEX）在一个有炼油厂运营历史的污染场地土壤中的共存情况及其对本地微生物群落的影响。PFASs浓度在5.65 - 6.73 ng/g范围内，全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟丁烷磺酸（PFBS）是主要化合物。该场地与背景地点之间的PFASs浓度分布未观察到显著差异，这表明土壤样品中检测到的PFASs主要来自非点源，因为PFASs在该地区存在长距离传输。TPHs和BTEX的浓度分别在227至72,360 mg/kg和0.06 - 2109.77 mg/kg范围内，主要由历史炼油活动造成。PFASs、TPHs和BTEX的存在显著影响了土壤微生物群落的多样性和丰度，改变了微生物组成，并富集了对污染具有更高抗性或代谢能力的细菌。观察到TPHs与其降解菌如假单胞菌属、食烷菌属和极地单胞菌属之间存在强相关性。PFASs与氯杆菌属之间存在显著正相关，这意味着氯杆菌属具有潜在的脱氟能力，值得进一步研究。此外，炼油厂场地中较高的能量代谢，包括碳、氮和硫代谢，以及烷烃、环己烷和甲苯代谢酶的较高丰度，揭示了本地微生物群落对污染物进行自然生物降解的潜在可能性。这些发现突出了受传统和新兴污染物混合物污染场地的复杂性，为混合污染物生物降解的潜力提供了有价值的见解，并强调了环境修复策略中综合方法的必要性。本研究有助于理解共存污染物的生态影响，并强调在环境风险评估和修复工作中考虑多种污染物类型的重要性。
