Joshi Urja, Shah Sumedha, Gupta Sharad, George Linz-Buoy, Highland Hyacinth
Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India.
Department of Zoology, BMTC, Human Genetics and Wildlife Biology and Conservation, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India.
ACS Infect Dis. 2025 Jan 10;11(1):164-180. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00513. Epub 2024 Dec 18.
Falciparum malaria relies extensively on cell-to-cell communication, and earlier research on the function of exosomal proteins derived from infected red blood cells (iRBCs) has been classified into numerous important roles. In this study, the exosomes were derived from -iRBCs cultured in vitro during synchronized trophozoite stages. The isolated exosomes were assessed using NTA, FE-SEM, and flow cytometry. Our study reported heterogeneous populations of exosomes during the infection. Additionally, label-free quantification based on LC/MS-MS for protein profiling revealed the presence of both parasitic and host (RBC) proteins; out of a total of 124 proteins detected, 20 proteins and 80 RBC proteins were identified. Exosomal RBC protein expression is different in cRBCs-Exo and iRBCs-Exo, which shows how the parasite and RBCs interact with each other. Functional classification reported that the majority of these proteins are uncharacterized with unknown functions, few of which are involved in biological processes such as regulation of complement activation, response to external stimuli, immune system-mediated signaling pathway, protein processing, etc. Hence, studying these exosomal proteins and comparing them to previous research has helped us understand how exosomes help cells to communicate in malaria. It may also reveal new potential biomarkers for diagnostic methods or therapies for malaria.
恶性疟原虫广泛依赖细胞间通讯，早期关于源自感染红细胞（iRBCs）的外泌体蛋白功能的研究已被归类为众多重要作用。在本研究中，外泌体源自体外培养的处于同步滋养体阶段的iRBCs。使用纳米颗粒跟踪分析（NTA）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）和流式细胞术对外泌体进行评估。我们的研究报告了感染期间外泌体的异质性群体。此外，基于液相色谱-质谱联用（LC/MS-MS）的无标记定量蛋白质谱分析显示存在寄生虫和宿主（红细胞）蛋白；在总共检测到的124种蛋白质中，鉴定出20种寄生虫蛋白和80种红细胞蛋白。外泌体红细胞蛋白在对照红细胞外泌体（cRBCs-Exo）和感染红细胞外泌体（iRBCs-Exo）中的表达不同，这显示了寄生虫与红细胞之间的相互作用方式。功能分类报告称，这些蛋白质中的大多数功能未知且未被表征，其中少数参与补体激活调节、对外界刺激的反应、免疫系统介导的信号通路、蛋白质加工等生物学过程。因此，研究这些外泌体蛋白并将它们与先前的研究进行比较，有助于我们了解外泌体如何在疟疾中帮助细胞进行通讯。这也可能揭示用于疟疾诊断方法或治疗的新的潜在生物标志物。
