Luo Shiqi, Liao Shujuan, Luo Biru, Xiong Anqi, Ma Wenlin, Zhao Li
Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Dec 18;24(1):3492. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-21068-6.
Dietary patterns influence children and adolescents' health not only in the present but also in their adulthood. Family characteristics and functioning play a crucial role in food choices and are important modifiable factors for early interventions aimed at preventing unhealthy diets.
The study aimed to analyze the dietary patterns of Chinese children and adolescents and explore their associations with family characteristics and functioning.
6276 participants aged 6 to 17 years were recruited for the multicenter cross-sectional study through cluster sampling. Food intake, family characteristics, and family function were assessed. Dietary patterns were identified through factor analysis based on food intake data, and a multiple logistic regression model was used to investigate the associations between dietary patterns, family characteristics, and family functioning.
Three distinct dietary patterns were identified: the "Diverse dietary pattern" (characterized by a rich diet and balanced nutrition), the "Fast food concentrated dietary pattern" (primarily consisting of fried foods, sugary drinks, processed meats, and other junk food), and the "Traditional dietary pattern" (mainly vegetables and grains). Girls, those living in rural areas, and those with better family functioning were more likely to adhere to the "Diverse dietary pattern" (p < 0.01). Girls, primary school students, and those with lower educated mothers tended to have higher adherence to the "Traditional dietary pattern" (p < 0.01). High adherence to the "Fast food concentrated dietary pattern" were associated with boys, older age, Han ethnicity, family dysfunction, living with both parents, being an only-child, having a better educated father, lower family income, and higher pocket money (p < 0.01).
Children and adolescents from different family backgrounds exhibit distinct dietary patterns, highlighting the importance of early screening and intervention tailored to these varying family characteristics. Among the modifiable family factors, better family functioning stands out as a key area of focus for promoting and sustaining healthy dietary patterns in Chinese children and adolescents.
饮食模式不仅会影响儿童和青少年当下的健康，还会对其成年后的健康产生影响。家庭特征和功能在食物选择中起着至关重要的作用，并且是旨在预防不健康饮食的早期干预措施中重要的可改变因素。
本研究旨在分析中国儿童和青少年的饮食模式，并探讨其与家庭特征和功能的关联。
通过整群抽样招募了6276名6至17岁的参与者，进行多中心横断面研究。评估了食物摄入量、家庭特征和家庭功能。基于食物摄入量数据，通过因子分析确定饮食模式，并使用多元逻辑回归模型研究饮食模式、家庭特征和家庭功能之间的关联。
确定了三种不同的饮食模式：“多样化饮食模式”（特点是饮食丰富且营养均衡）、“快餐集中饮食模式”（主要由油炸食品、含糖饮料、加工肉类和其他垃圾食品组成）和“传统饮食模式”（主要是蔬菜和谷物）。女孩、居住在农村地区的儿童以及家庭功能较好的儿童更有可能坚持“多样化饮食模式”（p < 0.01）。女孩、小学生以及母亲受教育程度较低的儿童往往对“传统饮食模式”的依从性较高（p < 0.01）。对“快餐集中饮食模式”的高依从性与男孩、年龄较大、汉族、家庭功能障碍、与父母双方同住、独生子女、父亲受教育程度较高、家庭收入较低以及零花钱较多有关（p < 0.01）。
来自不同家庭背景的儿童和青少年表现出不同的饮食模式，这凸显了根据这些不同的家庭特征进行早期筛查和干预的重要性。在可改变的家庭因素中，更好的家庭功能是促进和维持中国儿童和青少年健康饮食模式的关键重点领域。
