儿童支原体肺炎所致肺血栓栓塞症：1例报告并文献复习
Pulmonary thromboembolism due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children: a case report and literature review.
作者信息
Cheng Rui, Wang Qi, Jiang Lin, Liu La-Mei
机构信息
Department of Pediatric Respiratory and Immunology Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
出版信息
BMC Pediatr. 2024 Dec 19;24(1):816. doi: 10.1186/s12887-024-05283-z.
BACKGROUND
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a common respiratory pathogen in children that can sometimes lead to extrapulmonary manifestations. Among these, pediatric pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) is clinically rare but carries significant implications. However, it is often underrecognized, and its diagnosis and treatment are not well understood.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report a case of PE associated with MP pneumonia in a 6-year-old girl who presented with recurrent hyperpyrexia, cough, extensive consolidation in the upper lobe of the left lung, and pulmonary artery thrombi in the right lung. Following prompt diagnosis of PE and appropriate antibiotic therapy combined with anticoagulation treatment, the child recovered well and remained healthy at follow-up. The diagnostic and treatment processes were analyzed, and previously reported cases of pediatric MP-related PE were reviewed.
CONCLUSION
PE should be considered in pediatric patients with MP pneumonia who do not improve or whose condition worsens despite standard therapy. The outcomes of pediatric MP-related PE are generally favorable if prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are provided.
背景
肺炎支原体（MP）是儿童常见的呼吸道病原体，有时可导致肺外表现。其中，小儿肺血栓栓塞症（PE）临床少见，但具有重要意义。然而，它常常未被充分认识，其诊断和治疗也尚未完全明确。
病例报告
我们报告一例6岁女孩，其因MP肺炎并发PE，表现为反复高热、咳嗽、左肺上叶广泛实变及右肺肺动脉血栓形成。在PE得到及时诊断并给予适当抗生素治疗联合抗凝治疗后，患儿恢复良好，随访时保持健康。分析了诊断和治疗过程，并回顾了既往报道的小儿MP相关PE病例。
结论
对于尽管接受标准治疗但病情未改善或恶化的MP肺炎患儿，应考虑PE的可能。如果能及时诊断并给予适当治疗，小儿MP相关PE的预后通常良好。
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