Mo Ranran, Cao Jilei, Zhou Jinhua, Bian Cuixia
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jining NO.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, PR China.
BMC Pulm Med. 2024 Dec 18;24(1):612. doi: 10.1186/s12890-024-03434-7.
In cases of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), closure of the fistula by tracheal stent implantation is an effective treatment. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and complications of silicone and metallic tracheal stents for TEF.
We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent tracheal stent insertion for TEF between January 2021 and April 2024 at our institution. Complications were assessed bronchoscopically.
Metallic stents were placed in 21 patients (18 men, 85.7%) and silicone stents in 17 patients (14 men, 82.4%). No differences were observed between the two groups in terms of age, gender, location or size of fistula, primary disease, symptoms or comorbidities. A total of 26 fistulas were found in the metallic stent group, and 19 fistulas were found in the silicone stent group. Stent insertion was successful in all cases. The differences in efficacy and complications after stent placement were not statistically significant between the two groups. Mucus retention was the most frequent complication (P = 0.221), followed by granulation tissue (38.1% with metallic stent and 29.4% with silicone; P = 0.734) and migration (14.3% with metallic stent and 29.4% with silicone; P = 0.426).
Silicone and metallic stents are viable clinical options for treating TEF. Both are equally effective and safe and have acceptable complication rates in TEF.
在气管食管瘘（TEF）病例中，通过气管支架植入闭合瘘口是一种有效的治疗方法。在本研究中，我们调查了硅酮和金属气管支架治疗TEF的疗效和并发症。
我们回顾性分析了2021年1月至2024年4月在我院因TEF接受气管支架植入的所有患者。通过支气管镜评估并发症。
21例患者（18例男性，85.7%）植入金属支架，17例患者（14例男性，82.4%）植入硅酮支架。两组在年龄、性别、瘘口位置或大小、原发疾病、症状或合并症方面均未观察到差异。金属支架组共发现26个瘘口，硅酮支架组发现19个瘘口。所有病例支架植入均成功。两组支架置入后疗效和并发症的差异无统计学意义。黏液潴留是最常见的并发症（P = 0.221），其次是肉芽组织（金属支架组为38.1%，硅酮支架组为29.4%；P = 0.734）和移位（金属支架组为14.3%，硅酮支架组为29.4%；P = 0.426）。
硅酮和金属支架是治疗TEF可行的临床选择。两者在治疗TEF方面同样有效且安全，并发症发生率可接受。
