Liang Lin, Hwang Ah-Reum, Shin Yoon Ji, Jeong Kyoung Yong, Park Kyung Hee, Lee Jae-Hyun, Park Jung-Won
Graduate School of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
World Allergy Organ J. 2024 Dec 2;17(12):101007. doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2024.101007. eCollection 2024 Dec.
The diagnosis of the culprit allergen depends on exposure, symptoms at exposure, and the presence of specific IgE (sIgE). Pet allergens are sticky and can sensitize individuals without adoption history. Exclusive dog owners frequently exhibit both dog (e5) and cat dander sIgE (e1). We assessed whether the measurement of Fel d 1 sIgE (e94) can discriminate true cat sensitization from false positivity by cross-reactivity in the exclusive dog owners.
Thirty-one patients with respiratory allergies who exclusively owned dogs were enrolled for this study. e5, e1, and e94 were measured with ImmunoCAP. ELISA inhibition was performed to assess cross-reactivity.
About 81% of patients (25/31) were both e5 and e1 positive, and 8 were also positive for e94. In the e94 positive, cat dander exhibited higher maximum inhibition of cat sIgE (94% vs 88%) and demonstrated lower IC (6.5 vs 737.9 BAU/mL) compared to dog dander. Conversely, in the e94 negative, dog dander demonstrated higher maximum inhibition of cat dander sIgE (71.9% vs 56.2%) and lower IC (172 vs 1947 BAU/mL) compared to cat dander. In the e94 positive, dog dander exhibited higher maximal inhibition for dog sIgE (91.5 vs 76.1%) and lower IC (10.6 vs 1679 BAU/mL) compared to cat dander, whereas in the e94 negative, the IC for cat dander could not be determined.
Genuine co-sensitization to cats is notable even in individuals who exclusively own dogs. Positive e94 results could discriminate authentic cat sensitization from false positivity by cross-reactivity in these patients, underscoring the importance of comprehensive allergy assessment.
致敏原的诊断取决于接触情况、接触时的症状以及特异性IgE（sIgE）的存在。宠物过敏原具有黏性，即使没有饲养史也可使个体致敏。只养犬的人常常同时出现犬（e5）和猫皮屑sIgE（e1）。我们评估了在只养犬的人中，检测猫源Fel d 1 sIgE（e94）是否能通过交叉反应将真正的猫致敏与假阳性区分开来。
31例患有呼吸道过敏且只养犬的患者纳入本研究。采用免疫捕获法检测e5、e1和e94。进行酶联免疫吸附测定抑制试验以评估交叉反应。
约81%的患者（25/31）e5和e1均为阳性，8例e94也为阳性。在e94阳性患者中，与犬皮屑相比，猫皮屑对猫sIgE的最大抑制率更高（94%对88%），且抑制浓度更低（6.5对737.9 BAU/mL）。相反，在e94阴性患者中，与猫皮屑相比，犬皮屑对猫皮屑sIgE的最大抑制率更高（71.9%对56.2%），且抑制浓度更低（172对1947 BAU/mL）。在e94阳性患者中，与猫皮屑相比，犬皮屑对犬sIgE的最大抑制率更高（91.5对76.1%），且抑制浓度更低（10.6对1679 BAU/mL）；而在e94阴性患者中，无法测定猫皮屑的抑制浓度。
即使在只养犬的个体中，真正对猫的共同致敏也较为显著。e94阳性结果可将这些患者中真正的猫致敏与交叉反应导致的假阳性区分开来，强调了全面过敏评估的重要性。
