Osteoporosis Knowledge and Awareness Among Patients and Accompanying Attendants: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department.

INTRODUCTION

Osteoporosis is a common yet underdiagnosed condition that increases fracture risk and disability. It is particularly prevalent in individuals with musculoskeletal and neurological disorders due to factors like immobility and disuse. Despite its impact, awareness of osteoporosis remains low, especially in this high-risk population. This study aims to assess the knowledge of osteoporosis among patients with neurological and musculoskeletal disorders attending a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient department (OPD). Using tools like the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool- Hindi (OKAT-H), the study seeks to identify knowledge gaps and promote prevention and early detection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 300 participants, including patients and accompanying attendants, who visited the OPD of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, aged 40 years and above. The sample size was calculated based on data from a previous study, resulting in a target of 292 participants. Socioeconomic status was assessed using the Modified Kuppuswamy scale, classifying participants into five classes. Osteoporosis awareness was measured using the OKAT-H.

RESULTS

The mean OKAT-H score was found to be 9.82 out of 20 (49.1%), with a standard deviation of 5.06, ranging from a minimum score of 2/20 to a maximum of 20/20. Significant differences in OKAT-H scores were found in rural and urban populations (P value=0.001) and among the classes of socioeconomic status (P value=0.001) of the participants based on the Modified Kuppuswamy scale.

CONCLUSION

Our study using the OKAT-H scale revealed a significant knowledge gap regarding osteoporosis among individuals with neurological and musculoskeletal disorders, as well as their caregivers. This lack of awareness increases the risk of fractures and related complications. To address this, targeted educational programs should be implemented in the OPD of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation departments, focusing on improving knowledge of osteoporosis, raising awareness of its risks and prevention, and educating individuals on fall prevention measures, the use of mobility and orthotic aids, and necessary home and workplace modifications.