Yan Wenjun, Huo Junli, An Xiaojing, Duan Qiongli, Han Yu, Huang Nengmei, Tan Ting, Yang Zhimin, Han Jing, Han Mengjie, Shi Yuhua, Li Jian
National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China.
China CDC Wkly. 2024 Nov 29;6(48):1271-1277. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2024.254.
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC?: A substantial proportion of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) remain unaware of their infection status. Contact tracing serves as an effective public health tool for identifying human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and supports progress toward achieving the 95-95-95-95 goals.
WHAT IS ADDED BY THIS REPORT?: An egocentric contact tracing study conducted in Yunnan, China, between January 2022 and June 2024 enrolled 1,981 index cases, of whom 314 (15.9%) had at least 1 HIV-positive sexual contact. These index cases reported 2,171 sexual contacts, with 1,509 (69.5%) receiving HIV testing and 317 (21.0%) testing positive. Higher education levels and employment status among sexual contacts were positively associated with HIV testing uptake. HIV infection was more likely among contacts when the index case was female and identified through active HIV testing. Long-term sexual partnerships and inconsistent condom use demonstrated elevated infection risk.
WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE?: The effectiveness of contact tracing outcomes is influenced by characteristics of both index cases and their sexual contacts. These factors should be incorporated into the design and implementation of sexual contact tracing programs.
关于该主题已知的信息有哪些？：相当一部分感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的人仍未意识到自己的感染状况。接触者追踪是识别HIV感染的有效公共卫生工具，并有助于推动实现95-95-95-95目标。
本报告新增了哪些内容？：2022年1月至2024年6月在中国云南进行的一项以自我为中心的接触者追踪研究纳入了1981例索引病例，其中314例（15.9%）有至少1例HIV阳性性接触。这些索引病例报告了2171次性接触，其中1509例（69.5%）接受了HIV检测，317例（21.0%）检测呈阳性。性接触者的高等教育水平和就业状况与接受HIV检测呈正相关。当索引病例为女性且通过主动HIV检测确诊时，其性接触者感染HIV的可能性更高。长期性伴侣关系和不坚持使用避孕套显示出感染风险增加。
对公共卫生实践有哪些启示？：接触者追踪结果的有效性受索引病例及其性接触者双方特征的影响。这些因素应纳入性接触者追踪计划的设计和实施中。
