Jaeger Angelina, Monaghan Joseph, Tomlin Haley, Atkinson Jamieson, Gill Chris G, Krogh Erik T
Applied Environmental Research Laboratories, Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo V9R 5S5, Canada.
Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada.
ACS ES T Water. 2024 Nov 12;4(12):5566-5574. doi: 10.1021/acsestwater.4c00614. eCollection 2024 Dec 13.
6PPDQ is a tire-derived contaminant toxic to coho salmon (LC = 41-95 ng/L) found widely distributed in urban environments. Most monitoring efforts have relied on relatively few discrete samples collected at select locations across rain events. Early work has revealed that 6PPDQ concentrations vary widely over time and space, raising questions about when and where to collect samples. Here, we employ condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry, a high-throughput analysis approach to characterize spatiotemporal variability of 6PPDQ in urban streams. Analytical method detection limits of 0.3-8 ng/L and a duty cycle of 2.5 min/sample enabled high-throughput adaptive sampling. Temporal sampling revealed dynamic 6PPDQ concentrations, with significant changes occurring over minutes during peak rainfall. Spatial variability was characterized at multiple sites along three watercourses during the first significant precipitation of autumn 2023 on central Vancouver Island, B.C., Canada. Site-specific concentrations suggest attenuation of 6PPDQ after point source inputs by some combination of physical (dilution, sorption) or chemical (degradation) processes. This is the first report of an intensive sampling campaign describing the spatiotemporal distribution of 6PPDQ, highlighting the need for careful consideration of sampling strategies to evaluate the risk and impact of 6PPDQ in urban waterways.
6PPDQ是一种源自轮胎的污染物，对银大麻哈鱼有毒（LC = 41 - 95纳克/升），在城市环境中广泛分布。大多数监测工作依赖于在降雨事件期间在选定地点采集的相对较少的离散样本。早期研究表明，6PPDQ浓度随时间和空间变化很大，这引发了关于何时何地采集样本的问题。在此，我们采用凝聚相膜进样质谱法，一种高通量分析方法，来表征城市溪流中6PPDQ的时空变异性。0.3 - 8纳克/升的分析方法检测限和每个样本2.5分钟的工作周期实现了高通量自适应采样。时间采样揭示了6PPDQ浓度的动态变化，在降雨高峰期几分钟内就会发生显著变化。在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省温哥华岛中部2023年秋季首次显著降雨期间，对三条水道沿线的多个地点进行了空间变异性表征。特定地点的浓度表明，在点源输入后，6PPDQ通过物理（稀释、吸附）或化学（降解）过程的某种组合而衰减。这是第一份描述6PPDQ时空分布的密集采样活动报告，强调了在评估城市水道中6PPDQ的风险和影响时需要仔细考虑采样策略。
