Verma Rita R, Kiegle Edward, Keyel Alexander C, Chaturvedi Sudha, Chaturvedi Vishnu
Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.
Wadsworth Center Mycology Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA.
Microbiol Spectr. 2025 Feb 4;13(2):e0206524. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.02065-24. Epub 2024 Dec 19.
first appeared in the United States in 2013 in New York-New Jersey (NY-NJ) and led to an unprecedented outbreak since 2016. We hypothesized ' introduction to NY-NJ was not a random event but related to travel patterns between South Asia and NY-NJ. New York City is a US hub for international passengers, including those from South Asia. We tested the hypothesis by simulating introductions to NY-NJ with a Monte Carlo simulation based on travel from South Asia, proportion of US population in NY-NJ, proportion of hospitals in NY-NJ, and finally, proportion of all travelers entering the United States through NY-NJ. The outbreak occurred during increasing travel and trade, and South Asia travel routes predict the distribution of early cases in NY-NJ. The local mobility network within hospitals and extended stay healthcare facilities were also relevant in the spread of . Our observations and simulations link travel patterns to origin and spread and warrant further investigations for understanding the continued spread of the pathogen.
is an emerging fungal pathogen, with resistance to several antifungal drugs. Serious infections affect hospitalized patients and residents of long-term care facilities, although the pathogen can also be present on a healthy individual's skin. Many studies have shown international introductions of to the United States. Here, we present a simulation that supports the hypothesis that the earlier introductions of in the New York-New Jersey area are not random but related to travel networks.
2013年首次出现在美国纽约 - 新泽西地区（NY - NJ），自2016年以来引发了前所未有的疫情爆发。我们假设，其传入纽约 - 新泽西地区并非随机事件，而是与南亚和纽约 - 新泽西之间的旅行模式有关。纽约市是包括来自南亚乘客在内的国际旅客的美国枢纽。我们通过基于来自南亚的旅行、纽约 - 新泽西地区的美国人口比例、纽约 - 新泽西地区的医院比例以及最后通过纽约 - 新泽西进入美国的所有旅行者比例的蒙特卡洛模拟来测试传入纽约 - 新泽西地区的假设。疫情在旅行和贸易增加期间发生，南亚旅行路线预测了纽约 - 新泽西地区早期病例的分布。医院内部以及长期护理设施中的本地流动网络在其传播中也具有相关性。我们的观察和模拟将旅行模式与起源和传播联系起来，有必要进行进一步调查以了解病原体的持续传播。
是一种新兴的真菌病原体，对几种抗真菌药物具有抗性。严重感染会影响住院患者和长期护理设施中的居民，尽管该病原体也可能存在于健康个体的皮肤上。许多研究表明已传入美国。在此，我们提出一项模拟，支持纽约 - 新泽西地区早期传入并非随机而是与旅行网络有关的假设。
