Brown K H, Black R E, Robertson A D, Becker S
Am J Clin Nutr. 1985 Feb;41(2):343-55. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/41.2.343.
Longitudinal, quantitative studies of the dietary intake of 70 weanlings between five and 30 months of age from two Bangladeshi villages have been analyzed to determine the effects of season and illness on dietary intake. During 1014 days of observation, all foods consumed by the children were weighed by a field worker present in the home; 24-hour breast milk intake was estimated from 12-hour test weighings. Inter-individual differences explained 29% to 50% of the variance in consumption of selected nutrients and foods during 632 studies conducted when children were free from diarrhea and fever. Multiple linear regressions controlling for inter-individual differences indicated that 60-day seasonal periods explained a significant proportion of the variation in intake. Average energy consumption (kcal/kg/d) was approximately one-third greater during the post-harvest periods than during the pre-harvest monsoon period. Breast milk intake varied similarly even after controlling for age-related decreases. Consumption of rice and wheat, the major non-breast milk sources of energy and protein, had distinct seasonal patterns, thus limiting the overall seasonal variability in cereal intake. Older children, particularly boys, benefited more from the post-harvest relative abundance of food. The intake of most nutrients was significantly depressed by approximately 10% during febrile illnesses. Minor decreases in intake with other illnesses were not statistically significant.
对来自孟加拉国两个村庄的70名5至30个月大的断奶婴儿的饮食摄入情况进行了纵向定量研究，以确定季节和疾病对饮食摄入的影响。在1014天的观察期内，家中的现场工作人员对儿童食用的所有食物进行称重；通过12小时的测试称重来估算24小时的母乳摄入量。在632项儿童无腹泻和发烧的研究中，个体差异解释了所选营养素和食物摄入量差异的29%至50%。控制个体差异的多元线性回归表明，60天的季节周期解释了摄入量变化的很大一部分。收获后时期的平均能量消耗（千卡/千克/天）比收获前的季风期大约高三分之一。即使在控制了与年龄相关的减少之后，母乳摄入量也有类似的变化。大米和小麦作为能量和蛋白质的主要非母乳来源，其消费量有明显的季节性模式，从而限制了谷物摄入量的总体季节性变化。年龄较大的儿童，尤其是男孩，从收获后相对丰富的食物中受益更多。发热疾病期间，大多数营养素的摄入量显著下降约10%。其他疾病导致的摄入量小幅下降在统计学上不显著。
