Tetens Inge, Hels Ole, Khan Nazrul I, Thilsted Shakuntala H, Hassan Nazmul
Department of Human Nutrition, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Sep;78(3):406-13. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/78.3.406.
Seasonality has been recognized as a key determinant of human energy balance, especially in low-income countries.
The objective was to test the hypothesis that, in rural Bangladesh, different age and sex groups adapt similarly to seasonal changes in energy intake (EI).
A prospective study was carried out in 2 rural Bangladeshi villages in the lean and peak seasons. Data on anthropometric measures (weight, height, and midupper arm circumference) and dietary food intake (collected with the use of a 24-h food weighing method) were obtained from all subjects from 304 households.
The average EI increased from a least-squares mean (+/- SE) of 7.87 +/- 0.10 MJ x person(-1) x d(-1) in the lean season to 9.47 +/- 0.13 MJ x person(-1) x d(-1) in the peak season. In children and adolescents aged < 18 y of age, the prevalence of underweight (weight-for-age) was not significantly different (56%) in the 2 seasons. Among adults, a significantly higher prevalence of chronic energy deficiency [body mass index (in kg/m(2)) < 18.5] was observed in the peak season (67%) than in the lean season (61%), despite a higher EI in the peak season. Other determinants of seasonal nutritional status are presented.
Seasonal fluctuations in EI were substantial in all age and sex groups. Children and adolescents showed no significant seasonal changes in the prevalence of underweight, which indicated that they adapted to changes in EI. In adults, the season in which EI was high coincided with average weight loss, which indicated that adults did not adapt fully to seasonal fluctuations in EI and that seasonal energy expenditure is probably a major determinant of nutritional status.
季节性变化已被视为人类能量平衡的关键决定因素，在低收入国家尤其如此。
本研究旨在验证一个假设，即在孟加拉国农村地区，不同年龄和性别的群体对能量摄入（EI）的季节性变化有相似的适应性。
在孟加拉国农村的两个村庄开展了一项前瞻性研究，涵盖了淡季和旺季。通过24小时食物称重法收集了来自304户家庭所有受试者的人体测量数据（体重、身高和上臂中部周长）以及饮食摄入量数据。
平均能量摄入量从淡季的最小二乘均值（±标准误）7.87±0.10兆焦耳/人⁻¹·天⁻¹增加到旺季的9.47±0.13兆焦耳/人⁻¹·天⁻¹。在18岁以下的儿童和青少年中，两个季节的体重不足（年龄别体重）患病率无显著差异（56%）。在成年人中，尽管旺季的能量摄入量较高，但观察到慢性能量缺乏（体重指数（kg/m²）<18.5）的患病率在旺季（67%）显著高于淡季（61%）。还介绍了季节性营养状况的其他决定因素。
所有年龄和性别的群体中，能量摄入量的季节性波动都很大。儿童和青少年的体重不足患病率没有显著的季节性变化，这表明他们适应了能量摄入量的变化。在成年人中，能量摄入量高的季节与平均体重减轻相吻合，这表明成年人没有完全适应能量摄入量的季节性波动，并且季节性能量消耗可能是营养状况的主要决定因素。
