Peglow Eduardo, Marmitt Luana Patrícia, Cesar Juraci Almeida
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Health Sciences - Rio Grande (RS), Brazil.
Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Graduate Program in Bioscience and Health - Joaçaba (SC), Brazil.
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2024 Dec 9;27:e240055. doi: 10.1590/1980-549720240055. eCollection 2024.
To estimate the prevalence and to evaluate trends and disparities in the occurrence of smoking among pregnant women living in the municipality of Rio Grande (RS), in the extreme south of Brazil, between 2007 and 2019.
All pregnant women living in this municipality who had a child in one of the local hospitals between January 1st and December 31st in the years 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2019 were included in the study. The interviews took place within 48 hours after childbirth. A pregnant woman was considered a smoker if she smoked at least one cigarette per day for 30 consecutive days in any of the pregnancy trimesters. The respective Pearson's χ2 test was used to estimate the proportions and the trend.
The mean prevalence of smoking in the studied period was 17.7% (95%CI 17.0-18.3), dropping from 23.4 (95%CI 21.7-25.0) in 2007 to 12.4% (95%CI 11.1-13.9) in 2019. This decrease occurred in all categories of the studied variables (p>0.001). The greatest disparities in the decrease were observed between the extreme groups for income (75.0 versus 34.4%) and level of education (51.0 versus 32.1%) and living or not with a partner (50.7 versus 27.7%).
There was a sharp and uneven drop in the prevalence of smoking over these 13 years. Pregnant women at higher risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth were at a clear disadvantage compared to others. Reducing the prevalence of smoking depends on prioritizing interventions among pregnant women with greater social vulnerability.
评估2007年至2019年间居住在巴西南部里奥格兰德市的孕妇吸烟率，分析吸烟率的变化趋势及差异。
纳入2007年、2010年、2013年、2016年和2019年1月1日至12月31日期间在该市当地医院分娩的所有孕妇。访谈在产后48小时内进行。若孕妇在孕期任何阶段连续30天每天至少吸一支烟，则被视为吸烟者。采用Pearson卡方检验评估比例及变化趋势。
研究期间吸烟的平均患病率为17.7%（95%可信区间17.0 - 18.3），从2007年的23.4%（95%可信区间21.7 - 25.0）降至2019年的12.4%（95%可信区间11.1 - 13.9）。各研究变量类别均出现下降（p>0.001）。在收入极端组（75.0%对34.4%）、教育程度极端组（51.0%对32.1%）以及是否与伴侣同住的极端组（50.7%对27.7%）之间，下降幅度差异最大。
在这13年中，吸烟率急剧且不均衡下降。与其他孕妇相比，孕期和分娩期间并发症风险较高的孕妇明显处于劣势。降低吸烟率取决于优先对社会脆弱性较高的孕妇进行干预。
