[Smallpox vaccination in the Brazilian province of Paraná, 1853-1863].

This study reflects on the efforts to disseminate and administer the smallpox vaccine in the Brazilian province of Paraná between 1853 and 1863, taking a circulation-based perspective. Chronologically, the first milestone is the founding of Paraná and the second is the drafting of the first regulations for vaccination in the province. This research draws on the assumptions of translocal microhistory and the theoretical conceptions expounded by Kapil Raj and Fa-ti Fan. The central argument is that the factors blocking the spread of the smallpox vaccine were the very processes by which vaccination was circulated, and that popular resistance to the prophylactic agent, itself part of these processes, was not widespread.