Paetzold Isabell, Gugel Jessica, Schick Anita, Rauschenberg Christian, Hirjak Dusan, Boecking Benjamin, Doi Lawrence, Schwannauer Matthias, Reininghaus Ulrich
Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Psychol Psychother. 2025 Mar;98(1):103-132. doi: 10.1111/papt.12565. Epub 2024 Dec 19.
Previous research indicates that the hybrid compassion-focused intervention EMIcompass may reduce stress reactivity and improve quality of life. Our aim was to investigate what components of the intervention work for whom, how, and under which circumstances to contribute to the enhancement of resilience.
We conducted a process evaluation using a realist framework. First, we developed initial programme theories using compassion-focused interventions and ecological momentary intervention documents, in addition to conducting a focus group and an interview with an individual expert. Second, we tested the initial programme theories based on qualitative data from 20 participants. Third, we refined the programme theories by analysing and interpreting the data.
We identified four programme components experienced as enhancing the activation of the soothing system and the application of compassion-focused principles. EMIcompass was perceived as lowering the burden of and barriers to treatment and facilitating the translation into daily life. Intra- and interpersonal context factors interacted with the mechanisms, leading to improvement in well-being, which was identified as a main outcome.
The intervention worked by strengthening participants' soothing system and facilitating ecological translation leading to improved well-being. Adaptions to improve the intervention may allow for more flexibility in individual intervention trajectories acknowledging different needs and preferences.
先前的研究表明，以同情为重点的混合干预措施EMIcompass可能会降低应激反应性并改善生活质量。我们的目的是调查该干预措施的哪些组成部分对谁有效、如何起作用以及在何种情况下有助于增强恢复力。
我们使用现实主义框架进行了过程评估。首先，除了开展焦点小组讨论并采访一位专家外，我们还利用以同情为重点的干预措施和生态瞬时干预文件制定了初步的项目理论。其次，我们根据20名参与者的定性数据对初步的项目理论进行了测试。第三，我们通过分析和解释数据对项目理论进行了完善。
我们确定了四个被认为能增强舒缓系统的激活以及以同情为重点的原则应用的项目组成部分。EMIcompass被认为减轻了治疗负担和障碍，并促进了向日常生活的转化。个体内部和人际背景因素与这些机制相互作用，从而带来幸福感的提升，而幸福感提升被确定为主要结果。
该干预措施通过增强参与者的舒缓系统并促进生态转化来发挥作用，从而改善幸福感。为改进干预措施而进行的调整可以在承认不同需求和偏好的情况下，在个体干预轨迹方面提供更大的灵活性。
