Poosri Sakawrut, Vimaleswaran Karani Santhanakrishnan, Prangthip Pattaneeya
Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2024 Dec 19;19(12):e0315711. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0315711. eCollection 2024.
Obesity, characterized by chronic energy imbalance and excessive adiposity, is a key component of metabolic syndrome and is associated with low-grade inflammation and altered adipokine secretion. This study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary fat consumption and its influence on interleukin (IL) and leptin levels in participants with obesity.
Using the Asian obesity classification criteria, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 adults (18-59 years). Anthropometric measurements by bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA), blood biochemistry by colorimetric assay, inflammatory markers and hormones by ELISA test, and dietary intake were assessed by Semi-FFQ.
Obesity prevalence was 26.1% and 73.90% in males and females, respectively. Participants with obesity exhibited significantly higher inflammatory and hormonal marker levels. Positive correlations were observed between blood lipid, glucose, and tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and leptin levels. Energy, carbohydrate, and sugar intake were positively correlated with leptin levels. High saturated fat intake was associated with increased IL-6 levels (odds ratio = 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-4.11, p < 0.047), whereas high total fat intake elevated leptin levels by 2.14-fold (95% CI = 1.12-4.10, p < 0.021) in participants with obesity.
This study demonstrates significant associations between dietary fat composition, inflammatory markers, and leptin levels in individuals with obesity. These findings suggest that modulating dietary fat intake can be a potential strategy for mitigating obesity-related inflammation and leptin resistance, highlighting the need for targeted nutritional interventions in obesity and metabolic syndrome management.
肥胖以慢性能量失衡和过度肥胖为特征，是代谢综合征的关键组成部分，与低度炎症和脂肪因子分泌改变有关。本研究旨在评估肥胖参与者膳食脂肪摄入量与其对白细胞介素（IL）和瘦素水平的影响之间的关联。
采用亚洲肥胖分类标准，对384名成年人（18 - 59岁）进行了横断面研究。通过生物电阻抗分析仪（BIA）进行人体测量，通过比色法进行血液生化检测，通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）测试炎症标志物和激素，并通过半定量食物频率问卷（Semi-FFQ）评估膳食摄入量。
男性和女性的肥胖患病率分别为26.1%和73.90%。肥胖参与者的炎症和激素标志物水平显著更高。观察到血脂、血糖与肿瘤坏死因子-α、IL-6和瘦素水平之间呈正相关。能量、碳水化合物和糖的摄入量与瘦素水平呈正相关。高饱和脂肪摄入量与IL-6水平升高相关（优势比 = 2.03，95%置信区间[CI] = 1.00 - 4.11，p < 0.047），而高总脂肪摄入量使肥胖参与者的瘦素水平升高2.14倍（95% CI = 1.12 - 4.10，p < 0.021）。
本研究表明肥胖个体的膳食脂肪组成、炎症标志物和瘦素水平之间存在显著关联。这些发现表明，调节膳食脂肪摄入量可能是减轻肥胖相关炎症和瘦素抵抗的潜在策略，凸显了在肥胖和代谢综合征管理中进行针对性营养干预的必要性。
