Niermans K, Salari S P, Carney J, Hoek-van den Hil E F, van der Fels-Klerx H J, van Loon J J A
Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Wageningen Food Safety Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
NPJ Sci Food. 2024 Dec 19;8(1):103. doi: 10.1038/s41538-024-00351-1.
Groundnuts are considered as one of the most important cultivated food crops globally. Groundnuts are used for vegetable oil production, which generate a variety of by-products, such as peanut press cake (PPC). Groundnuts are sensitive to infection by aflatoxigenic fungi. Aflatoxins are highly toxic to both humans and livestock, and contaminated crops containing high aflatoxin concentrations are deemed unsafe for consumption and trade. Innovative aflatoxin management strategies are needed and the insect production sector could be such a solution. Larvae of the black soldier fly (BSFL) were exposed to a PPC diet naturally contaminated with aflatoxins. After an exposure lasting eleven days, data on larval survival and biomass were collected. The PPC, BSFL and the residual material were analysed by LC-MS/MS to determine the concentration of eight different aflatoxins. A bio-accumulation factor and a molar mass balance were calculated. BSFL survival and biomass were not affected by exposure to the aflatoxin-contaminated PPC diet. The aflatoxins did not accumulate in the insect body, providing a promising outlook for the safety of rearing insects on aflatoxin contaminated PPC with the purpose of using them as food- and/or feed. Aflatoxin B (AFB) was the dominant compound found in PPC. Formation of aflatoxicol, aflatoxin P and aflatoxin M occurred and taking these metabolites into account, a complete molar mass balance, thus full recovery, for AFB was obtained. This differs from previous studies using artificially spiked substrates in which 17-38% was recovered. This calls for additional studies comparing naturally contaminated with artificially spiked feedstuff.
花生被认为是全球最重要的栽培粮食作物之一。花生用于生产植物油，会产生多种副产品，如花生饼粕（PPC）。花生对产黄曲霉毒素真菌的感染很敏感。黄曲霉毒素对人类和牲畜都具有高毒性，含有高浓度黄曲霉毒素的受污染作物被认为不适于食用和贸易。需要创新的黄曲霉毒素管理策略，昆虫生产领域可能是一个解决方案。将黑水虻幼虫（BSFL）暴露于天然受黄曲霉毒素污染的PPC饲料中。在持续暴露11天后，收集幼虫存活和生物量的数据。通过LC-MS/MS分析PPC、BSFL和残留物质，以确定八种不同黄曲霉毒素的浓度。计算生物累积因子和摩尔质量平衡。暴露于受黄曲霉毒素污染的PPC饲料对BSFL的存活和生物量没有影响。黄曲霉毒素没有在昆虫体内积累，这为在受黄曲霉毒素污染的PPC上饲养昆虫以用作食物和/或饲料的安全性提供了一个有前景的展望。黄曲霉毒素B（AFB）是PPC中发现的主要化合物。黄曲霉毒素醇、黄曲霉毒素P和黄曲霉毒素M形成，考虑到这些代谢物，获得了AFB的完整摩尔质量平衡，从而实现了完全回收。这与之前使用人工添加底物的研究不同，在那些研究中回收率为17%-38%。这需要进行额外的研究，比较天然污染饲料和人工添加饲料。
