Dept. Entomology, 320 Morrill Hall, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801-3795, USA.
Dept. Entomology, 320 Morrill Hall, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801-3795, USA.
Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2021 Feb;43:85-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.11.007. Epub 2020 Nov 29.
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced primarily by filamentous fungi that when consumed cause pathological responses in animal hosts or consumers. Defined functionally rather than structurally, mycotoxins derive from numerous primary metabolic pathways. Through opportunistic or mutualistic associations, insect herbivores inflict damage that can predispose plants to infection by mycotoxin-producing phytopathogens, resulting in economically significant contamination. The few cytochrome P450 subfamilies implicated in mycotoxin detoxification by insects, including CYP6 and CYP9, are also known to detoxify phytochemicals. Some insect P450s bioactivate, rather than detoxify, mycotoxins, suggestive of an 'escalation' in arms-race interactions between these herbivores and fungi. Characterizing insect P450s that detoxify mycotoxins can be useful for developing biological remediation technologies and for ensuring the safety of insects reared for human or livestock consumption.
真菌毒素是丝状真菌主要产生的次级代谢物，当被动物宿主或消费者摄入时，会引起病理反应。真菌毒素是从许多初级代谢途径中产生的，定义为功能而非结构。通过机会主义或共生关系，昆虫草食动物造成的损害可能使植物容易受到产真菌毒素的植物病原体的感染，从而导致经济上重大的污染。少数几种细胞色素 P450 亚家族被认为与昆虫的真菌毒素解毒有关，包括 CYP6 和 CYP9，也已知可以解毒植物化学物质。一些昆虫 P450 会使真菌毒素生物激活，而不是解毒，这表明这些草食动物和真菌之间的军备竞赛相互作用在升级。鉴定能够解毒真菌毒素的昆虫 P450 对于开发生物修复技术以及确保用于人类或牲畜消费的昆虫的安全性非常有用。
