Liu Jiaxi, Liu Jiang, Liang Yanyan, Yang Jiao, Lin Yongping, Li Yingchun
School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources for Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.
Anal Chem. 2025 Jan 14;97(1):373-381. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04345. Epub 2024 Dec 20.
Oxygen saturation is a crucial indicator in the management of various diseases and in preoperative diagnosis, and the detection of oxygen content is valuable in guiding clinical treatment. However, as the classical and dominant oxygen detection strategies, current photoelectric oximeters and electrochemical-based blood gas analyzers often suffer from significant interindividual variation and poor compliance, respectively. In recent years, wearable microneedles (MNs) for analyzing biomarkers in interstitial fluid (ISF) have received great attention and recognition mainly for the reason that the content of the substances distributed in ISF has a better correlation with that in blood circulation compared with other body fluids such as sweat and saliva. Herein, an MN-based electrochemical array system was developed for continuous subcutaneous oxygen sensing, in which gold-modified commercial acupuncture MNs were used as the sensing units, and a tailored mini-workstation, a nonwoven fabric, and a water and air isolation membrane were integrated to fabricate a wearable array patch. Notably, a multifunctional swelling resin with good biocompatibility was adopted to decorate the MN surface as a protective layer and as an electrolyte gel. The swelling resin featured the ability to reduce epidermis secretions during the sensor array penetrating the skin and to decrease the interference of other biomolecules in ISF for oxygen assay during measurement. This proposed array patch can perform the subcutaneous oxygen analysis in the physiological range of 6-150 mmHg with high sensitivity (0.3817 μA/mmHg) and low theoretical limit of detection (5.06 mmHg). It also showed decent stability and selectivity in the presence of several kinds of exogenous and endogenous substances. Finally, the patch accomplished continual monitoring of the subcutaneous oxygen content during long-term physical exercise, showing great potential in providing warning about the hypoxia status of the human body. It could be foreseen that this high-performance patch will play an active role in respiratory disease evaluation, surgical monitoring, and public health care.
血氧饱和度是多种疾病管理和术前诊断中的关键指标，氧含量检测对于指导临床治疗具有重要价值。然而，作为经典且占主导地位的氧检测策略，当前的光电血氧计和基于电化学的血气分析仪分别常存在显著的个体间差异和较差的依从性。近年来，用于分析间质液（ISF）中生物标志物的可穿戴微针（MNs）受到了广泛关注和认可，主要原因是与汗液和唾液等其他体液相比，分布在ISF中的物质含量与血液循环中的物质含量具有更好的相关性。在此，开发了一种基于MN的电化学阵列系统用于连续皮下氧传感，其中金修饰的商用针灸微针用作传感单元，并集成了定制的微型工作站、无纺布以及水和空气隔离膜以制造可穿戴阵列贴片。值得注意的是，采用了具有良好生物相容性的多功能溶胀树脂来修饰微针表面，作为保护层和电解质凝胶。该溶胀树脂具有在传感器阵列穿透皮肤时减少表皮分泌物以及在测量期间降低ISF中其他生物分子对氧测定干扰的能力。所提出的阵列贴片能够在6 - 150 mmHg的生理范围内进行皮下氧分析，具有高灵敏度（0.3817 μA/mmHg）和低理论检测限（5.06 mmHg）。在存在几种外源性和内源性物质的情况下，它还表现出良好的稳定性和选择性。最后，该贴片在长期体育锻炼期间完成了对皮下氧含量的连续监测，在提供人体缺氧状态预警方面显示出巨大潜力。可以预见，这种高性能贴片将在呼吸系统疾病评估、手术监测和公共卫生保健中发挥积极作用。
