Davies Jade, Melinek Rachel, Livesey Adam, Killick Estelle, Sam Evelyn, Romualdez Anna Melissa, Pellicano Elizabeth, Remington Anna
University College London, UK.
University of Manchester, UK.
Autism. 2025 Apr;29(4):988-1004. doi: 10.1177/13623613241292177. Epub 2024 Dec 20.
Employment contributes to well-being, yet many autistic people who want to work face barriers to meaningful employment. Much research focuses solely on employment rates, rather than taking a more holistic view of professional trajectories and occupational experiences. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 autistic adults to explore their experiences of, and perspectives on, career success. Our participants highlighted the overarching importance of finding fulfilment in one's career. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we identified five additional key themes: (1) volatile career journeys, (2) the need for continuing career support, (3) the impact (positive or negative) of social interactions, (4) the important role of organisations and (5) the catastrophic impact of poor experiences. Our findings highlight the importance of tailored, lifelong employment support and inclusive workplaces in enabling autistic people to thrive at work. Enabling autistic career fulfilment requires moving beyond entry-level hiring to foster sustainable, fulfilling employment for all autistic people.Lay abstractMany autistic people want to work but have trouble finding jobs they like and can stick with. Most research tries to help more autistic people get jobs, but does not look at whether those jobs are fulfilling, or how people progress once they start working. We spoke to 18 autistic people about their experiences at work, and their ideas about success at work. Participants said finding fulfilment in their careers was key. We found five common 'themes' across the interviews. First, autistic people's careers often take unexpected turns. For example, many participants only got diagnosed as adults, which sometimes changed their work plans. Second, autistic people might need ongoing help with their career, including help with finding jobs they would enjoy and be good at, and advice on how to progress in their job. Third, getting along with others at work is really important. Having supportive colleagues helped our participants thrive, but workplace bullying forced some to leave their jobs. Fourth, workplaces need to be welcoming to everybody. Adjustments and understanding managers helped, but many of our participants' workplaces were not inclusive. Finally, bad work experiences can be devastating for mental health and well-being and negative experiences like bullying led some participants to quit working entirely. Our findings show that lifelong support tailored to each person and welcoming workplaces are important for autistic people to thrive at work. It is not enough to just hire autistic people - we need to help them have jobs they like and can stick with long-term.
就业有助于提升幸福感,但许多想工作的自闭症患者在获得有意义的工作方面面临障碍。许多研究仅关注就业率,而没有从更全面的角度看待职业轨迹和职业经历。我们对18名成年自闭症患者进行了半结构化访谈,以探讨他们的职业成功经历和观点。我们的参与者强调了在职业中找到成就感的首要重要性。通过反思性主题分析,我们确定了另外五个关键主题:(1)多变的职业旅程,(2)持续职业支持的必要性,(3)社交互动的(积极或消极)影响,(4)组织的重要作用,以及(5)糟糕经历的灾难性影响。我们的研究结果强调了量身定制的终身就业支持和包容性工作场所对于使自闭症患者在工作中茁壮成长的重要性。要实现自闭症患者的职业成就感,需要超越初级招聘,为所有自闭症患者促进可持续、充实的就业。
许多自闭症患者想工作,但难以找到他们喜欢且能长期从事的工作。大多数研究致力于帮助更多自闭症患者找到工作,但并未关注这些工作是否能带来成就感,或者人们开始工作后如何发展。我们与18名自闭症患者交谈,了解他们的工作经历以及对工作成功的看法。参与者表示在职业中找到成就感是关键。我们在访谈中发现了五个共同的“主题”。首先,自闭症患者的职业往往会出现意想不到的转折。例如,许多参与者直到成年才被诊断出患有自闭症,这有时会改变他们的工作计划。其次,自闭症患者在职业发展中可能需要持续的帮助,包括帮助他们找到喜欢且擅长的工作,以及关于如何在工作中取得进步的建议。第三,在工作中与他人相处非常重要。有支持性的同事有助于我们的参与者茁壮成长,但职场霸凌迫使一些人离职。第四,工作场所需要对每个人都友好。调整和理解员工的经理会有所帮助,但我们的许多参与者所在的工作场所并不具有包容性。最后,糟糕的工作经历可能对心理健康和幸福感造成毁灭性影响,像霸凌这样的负面经历导致一些参与者完全放弃工作。我们的研究结果表明,为每个人量身定制的终身支持和友好的工作场所对于自闭症患者在工作中茁壮成长很重要。仅仅雇佣自闭症患者是不够的——我们需要帮助他们拥有喜欢且能长期从事的工作。