Lu Sukun, Sun Ling, Cao Lijie, Zhao Mengchuan, Guo Yuxin, Li Mei, Duan Suxia, Zhai Yu, Zhang Xiaoqing, Wang Yakun, Gai Wei, Cui Xiaowei
Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China.
Department of Medical, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Dec 20;103(51):e40860. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000040860.
The contribution of the lung microbiota to pneumonia in children of varying severity remains poorly understood. This study utilized metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) technology to elucidate the characteristics of lung microbiota and their association with disease severity. This retrospective study analyzed bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) mNGS data of 92 children diagnosed with pneumonia between January 2021 and July 2022. A comparative analysis of the lung microbiota was conducted between the severe pneumonia (SP) (n = 44) and non-severe pneumonia (NSP) (n = 48) groups. Compared to conventional microbiological tests (CMT), mNGS had a higher positivity rate in etiology detection (68% vs 100%). In the NSP group, the predominant type of infection was Mycoplasma pneumoniae single infection, whereas in the SP group, the main type involved a combination of M pneumoniae and bacterial infection. The top 3 identified microbial taxa in both the groups were M pneumoniae, Rothia mucilaginosa, and Schaalia odontolyticus. Although there were no significant differences in the α and β diversity of the lung microbiota between the SP and NSP groups, the abundance of M pneumoniae was higher in the SP group (P = .053). Spearman analysis indicated a highly significant positive correlation between the abundance of Prevotella melaninogenica and M pneumoniae (P < .001). Our analysis identified an association between M pneumoniae infections and disease severity. This study provides a foundation for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of pediatric pneumonia and the relationship between microorganisms.
肺部微生物群对不同严重程度儿童肺炎的作用仍知之甚少。本研究利用宏基因组下一代测序（mNGS）技术阐明肺部微生物群的特征及其与疾病严重程度的关联。这项回顾性研究分析了2021年1月至2022年7月期间92例诊断为肺炎的儿童的支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）mNGS数据。对重症肺炎（SP）组（n = 44）和非重症肺炎（NSP）组（n = 48）的肺部微生物群进行了比较分析。与传统微生物检测（CMT）相比，mNGS在病因检测中的阳性率更高（68%对100%）。在NSP组中，主要感染类型为肺炎支原体单一感染，而在SP组中，主要类型为肺炎支原体与细菌感染的组合。两组中鉴定出的前3种微生物分类群为肺炎支原体、黏液罗氏菌和解糖嗜胨菌。虽然SP组和NSP组肺部微生物群的α和β多样性没有显著差异，但SP组中肺炎支原体的丰度更高（P = 0.053）。Spearman分析表明，产黑色素普雷沃菌和肺炎支原体的丰度之间存在高度显著的正相关（P < 0.001）。我们的分析确定了肺炎支原体感染与疾病严重程度之间的关联。本研究为更好地理解儿童肺炎的发病机制以及微生物之间的关系提供了基础。
