Cheruvu Sai Aneesh Reddy, Betiku Eniola, Calson Mark, Barashkov Nikolay, Owens Casey, Obe Tomi
Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States.
Micro-Tracers, Inc., San Francisco, CA 94124, United States.
Poult Sci. 2025 Feb;104(2):104674. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104674. Epub 2024 Dec 15.
Salmonella is a poultry-borne pathogen causing numerous human outbreaks in the U.S. Consequently, Salmonella, along with other pathogens, can be found in wastewater generated from poultry processing. It is essential to treat this wastewater before discharge, recycle, or reuse. Hence, this study investigated the utility of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) like electrochemical (EC) and photochemical processes (PC) to disinfect Salmonella in simulated wastewater (contaminated water). Three Salmonella serotypes: Kentucky (SK), Infantis (SI), and Typhimurium (ST) were chosen based on their ability to persist in poultry processing environments and cause infection. These serotypes, prepared in water at 6 to 7 Log CFU/mL were exposed to alternating current in EC with a voltage demand of 30 V, 40 V, and 50 V where ammonium sulfate was added as an electrolyte and ferrous sulfate to facilitate AOP production; and PC with curcumin, a photosensitizer at 0.40 % (1X) and 0.80 % (2X) to produce singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide that are lethal to pathogens. During the disinfection process, samples were collected every 20 min for 180 min and plated on XLD agar to assess Salmonella reduction. The data were analyzed using ANOVA in SAS. Bacterial reduction differed (P < 0.0001) between serotypes at 30 V and SK had the greatest reduction (3.13 Log CFU/mL), whereas there was no difference in reduction between the serotypes at 40 V (P = 0.98) where all the serotypes had more reduction than at 30 V. Complete attenuation of the serotypes was seen at 50 V (P < 0.0001), where SI reduced the most (5.96 Log CFU/mL) followed by ST (5.15 Log CFU/mL) after 140 min. SK was also attenuated (3.34 Log CFU/mL) after 60 min due to a lower starting concentration. This preliminary result suggests that Salmonella in poultry processing wastewater can be effectively attenuated through AOPs, offering a potential solution for enhancing poultry wastewater treatment.
沙门氏菌是一种通过家禽传播的病原体，在美国引发了众多人类疫情。因此，沙门氏菌以及其他病原体可在家禽加工产生的废水中被发现。在排放、循环利用或再利用之前，处理这种废水至关重要。因此，本研究调查了电化学（EC）和光化学过程（PC）等高级氧化工艺（AOPs）对模拟废水（受污染水）中沙门氏菌的消毒作用。基于它们在禽类加工环境中持续存在并导致感染的能力，选择了三种沙门氏菌血清型：肯塔基（SK）、婴儿（SI）和鼠伤寒（ST）。将这些血清型在水中制备成6至7 Log CFU/mL，在EC中以30 V、40 V和50 V的电压需求施加交流电，其中添加硫酸铵作为电解质和硫酸亚铁以促进AOP的产生；在PC中使用0.40%（1X）和0.80%（2X）的光敏剂姜黄素产生对病原体致命的单线态氧和过氧化氢。在消毒过程中，每隔20分钟收集一次样品，共收集180分钟，并接种在XLD琼脂上以评估沙门氏菌的减少情况。数据在SAS中使用方差分析进行分析。在30 V时，血清型之间的细菌减少情况存在差异（P < 0.0001），SK的减少最多（3.13 Log CFU/mL），而在40 V时血清型之间的减少没有差异（P = 0.98），此时所有血清型的减少都比30 V时更多。在50 V时观察到血清型完全衰减（P < 0.0001），140分钟后SI减少最多（5.96 Log CFU/mL），其次是ST（5.15 Log CFU/mL）。由于起始浓度较低，SK在60分钟后也衰减了（3.34 Log CFU/mL）。这一初步结果表明，家禽加工废水中的沙门氏菌可通过AOPs有效衰减，为加强家禽废水处理提供了一种潜在解决方案。
