Fonseca Victor Juno Alencar, Castro Dos Santos Sarah, Carneiro Joara Nályda Pereira, Dos Santos Antonia Thassya Lucas, de Freitas Maria Audilene, de Carvalho Natália Kelly Gomes, Dos Santos Silva Francildo, Dos Santos Andressa Guilhermino, Menêses Aparecida Vitória Silva, Farias Naiza Saraiva, Dos Santos Rivânia Pereira, Rebelo Ricardo Andrade, Rau Martinho, da Silva Luiz Everson, Amaral Wanderlei do, da Costa José Galberto Martins, de Menezes Irwin Rose Alencar, Morais-Braga Maria Flaviana Bezerra
Universidade Regional Do Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz, 1161 - Pimenta, Crato, CE, Brazil.
Universidade Regional de Blumenau - FURB, Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140 - Itoupava Seca, Blumenau, SC, Brazil.
Microb Pathog. 2025 Feb;199:107242. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107242. Epub 2024 Dec 20.
Candidiasis is an infectious disease caused by some fungi of the genus Candida. In Brazil, the incidence rate is higher than in European countries and the United States, and health problems occur mainly due to the virulence factors of the fungi, which have made treatment with commercial drugs difficult. Considering the context, plants rich in phenolic compounds, such as those of the genus Piper, have been studied due to their antimicrobial properties. Thus, the objective of this study was to isolate and characterize the essential oil of Piper rivinoides Kunth, as well as to analyze the bioactivity of this essential oil and the myristicin and elemicin isolates against opportunistic fungal pathogens. The broth microdilution method was used to identify the intrinsic activity of the isolated natural products alone and combined with fluconazole to obtain the 50 % inhibitory concentration of the fungi (IC). Microdilution subculture assays were performed to determine the minimum fungicidal concentration. The results revealed moderate antifungal activity of P. rivinoides oil against C. tropicalis (512 μg/mL), C. albicans (1024 μg/mL), and P. kudriavzevii (512 μg/mL). Myristicin also showed moderate activity against C. albicans, C. tropicalis and P. kudriavzevii at 1024 μg/mL. As for elemicin, inhibition occurred at a concentration of 512 μg/mL for both strains, except against P. kudriavzevii, which was from 128 μg/mL. Combined with fluconazole, the products modified the drug's action, increasing its efficacy at concentrations ranging from 0.007 to 20.78 μg/mL, except for elemicin, which antagonized the drug's effect, modifying its action from 32.17 to 74.18 μg/mL against P. kudriavzevii. The antifungal effect of compounds, alone or in combination with fluconazole, was fungistatic, except for P. kudriavzevii, which was fungicidal in the isolated test with elemicin at concentrations starting from 128 μg/mL. Therefore, P. rivinoides and its isolated compounds have the potential for combination therapy with antifungals.
念珠菌病是一种由念珠菌属的某些真菌引起的传染病。在巴西，其发病率高于欧洲国家和美国，健康问题主要是由真菌的毒力因子导致的，这使得使用商业药物进行治疗变得困难。考虑到这种情况，富含酚类化合物的植物，如胡椒属植物，因其抗菌特性而受到研究。因此，本研究的目的是分离和表征里氏胡椒（Piper rivinoides Kunth）的精油，以及分析该精油以及肉豆蔻醚和榄香素分离物对机会性真菌病原体的生物活性。采用肉汤微量稀释法来确定分离出的天然产物单独以及与氟康唑联合使用时的内在活性，以获得真菌的50%抑制浓度（IC）。进行微量稀释传代培养试验以确定最低杀菌浓度。结果显示，里氏胡椒油对热带念珠菌（512μg/mL）、白色念珠菌（1024μg/mL）和季也蒙念珠菌（512μg/mL）具有中等抗真菌活性。肉豆蔻醚在1024μg/mL时对白色念珠菌、热带念珠菌和季也蒙念珠菌也表现出中等活性。至于榄香素，除了对季也蒙念珠菌在128μg/mL起有抑制作用外，对其他两种菌株在512μg/mL浓度时均有抑制作用。与氟康唑联合使用时，这些产物改变了药物的作用，在0.007至20.78μg/mL的浓度范围内提高了其疗效，但榄香素除外，它对季也蒙念珠菌在32.17至74.18μg/mL时拮抗了药物的作用，改变了其效果。化合物单独或与氟康唑联合使用时的抗真菌作用均为抑菌作用，但季也蒙念珠菌在单独使用榄香素且浓度从128μg/mL起的试验中表现为杀菌作用。因此，里氏胡椒及其分离出的化合物具有与抗真菌药物联合治疗的潜力。
