Zhao Mei, Yu Chaoran, Su Chengjun, Wang Haiyan, Wang Xiaoyu, Weir Michael D, Xu Hockin H K, Liu Min, Bai Yuxing, Zhang Ning
School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
BMC Oral Health. 2024 Dec 21;24(1):1537. doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-05356-6.
This prospective clinical study examined the effects of fixed orthodontic appliances on oral hygiene and assessed changes in the oral microflora structure of orthodontic patients using high-throughput sequencing technology.
A total of 45 patients undergoing initial fixed orthodontic treatment were recruited from three hospitals in Beijing, China. Clinical parameters and oral hygiene habits questionnaire were recorded at pre-treatment (T0) and at a 6-month follow-up (T1). Saliva samples were collected for DNA extraction, PCR amplification, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. Microbial diversity and structural changes in abundance were evaluated.
After six months of orthodontic treatment, patients' daily brushing frequency increased (P ≤ 0.01), while the plaque index and the debris index decreased. A total of 3,344,549 valid tags were obtained from 90 saliva samples. After the six-month follow-up, the microbial diversity in patients' saliva samples increased significantly. High-throughput sequencing identified 3,662 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), with the dominant phyla being Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, Fusobacteriota, Patescibacteria, Campylobacterota and Spirochaetota. At the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes_C and Spirochaetota at T1 significantly increased compared to T0.
During fixed orthodontic treatment, although patients' oral hygiene habits improved, significant changes in the oral microbiota structure were still observed, with an increase in anaerobic and pathogenic bacteria that may potentially impact oral health.
本前瞻性临床研究探讨了固定正畸矫治器对口腔卫生的影响，并使用高通量测序技术评估正畸患者口腔微生物群结构的变化。
从中国北京的三家医院招募了45例接受初始固定正畸治疗的患者。在治疗前（T0）和6个月随访时（T1）记录临床参数和口腔卫生习惯问卷。收集唾液样本进行DNA提取、PCR扩增、16S rRNA基因测序和生物信息学分析。评估微生物多样性和丰度的结构变化。
正畸治疗6个月后，患者的每日刷牙频率增加（P≤0.01），而菌斑指数和牙石指数降低。从90份唾液样本中总共获得了3344549个有效标签。随访6个月后，患者唾液样本中的微生物多样性显著增加。高通量测序鉴定出3662个扩增子序列变体（ASV），主要菌门为变形菌门、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门、梭杆菌门、Patescibacteria、弯曲菌门和螺旋体门。在菌门水平上，与T0相比，T1时厚壁菌门_C和螺旋体门的丰度显著增加。
在固定正畸治疗期间，尽管患者的口腔卫生习惯有所改善，但仍观察到口腔微生物群结构发生了显著变化，厌氧菌和病原菌增加，这可能会对口腔健康产生潜在影响。
